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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Hong-Ou-Mandel interference in the spin-wave domain

Michal P. Parniak, Mateusz Mazelanik, Adam Leszczyński, Michał Lipka, Michał Dąbrowski, Wojciech Wasilewski

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the domain of spin waves inside a multimode quantum memory. The ac-Stark-modulation-based protocol constitutes a bedrock for a multiplexed photon generator or a quantum repeater with error correction.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.s4c.2

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We bring the set of linear quantum operations, important for many fundamental studies in photonic systems, to the material domain of collective excitations known as spin waves. Using the ac Stark effect we realize quantum operations on single excitations and demonstrate a spin-wave analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, realized via a beam splitter implemented in the spin-wave domain. Our scheme equips atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeaters with quantum information processing capability and can be readily brought to other physical systems, such as doped crystals or room-temperature atomic ensembles.
While several methods of information processing have been realized in quantum memories, thorough utilization of the spatial degree of freedom in highly-multimode memories demands a flexible method analogous to spatial light modulators (SLM) widely exploited in the broad field of optics to modulate the amplitude or phase of light. We want to present a spatial spin-wave modulator (SSM), allowing engineering of a spatial phase of spin-waves stored in a cold atomic memory. Using the SLM and polarizers we are able to shape a laser beam into an arbitrary shape. Such a prepared beam illuminates a cold rubidium cloud and due to ac-Stark effect the spatial phase of stored spin-waves is modified. The relative standard deviation of phase given by our SSM amounts to about 10%. We have also shown that losses scale quadratically with given phase. On one hand, that strongly limits the efficiency of SSM for strong phase modulation, but on the other hand enables efficient modulation in small range of several radians. During our research we have demonstrated a compensation of the quadratic phase introduced by a cylindrical lens placed in a readout path of our quantum memory. Moreover, introducing more complicated shapes of the ac-Stark beam, like saw or sine shape, we can shift and split spin-waves in Fourier domain [1]. Therefore we were able to interfere spin-waves stored in different spatial and temporal modes. This makes our SSM very robust tool which in conjugation with gradient echo memory can potentially allow to implement some new quantum protocols [2]. Finally, going to the single photon level we successfully observed a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of two spin-waves stored in different spatial modes of our memory [3].
Quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance to the realization of scalable quantum networks. We perform Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between photonic polarization qubits stored and retrieved from two sets of independent room-temperature quantum memories. We show a steady improvement in memory parameters and visibilities, culminating in a high quantum memory HOM visibility of 43%, compared to the 48% no-memory limit of our set-up. These results lay the groundwork for future applications using large-scale memory-assisted quantum networks.