This paper presents novel one bit arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) design using basic reversible gates. Two designs for both the arithmetic and the logical unit are proposed and one design for the control unit is also put forward. These designs are integrated together to give four complete ALU designs. Each of the proposed design has been implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx ISE Suite 14.1 software to verify its functionality. The proposed designs are compared based on quantum cost, garbage outputs and ancilla inputs with their existing counterparts. The simplicity and the reduced quantum cost of the proposed ALU designs, when compared to the existing ones, makes them ideal candidates to be used as modules in quantum computers. The proposed ALUs extend their applications to cryptography, machine learning and nanotechnology.
This paper presents novel one bit arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) design using basic reversible gates. Two designs for both the arithmetic and the logical unit are proposed and one design for the control unit is also put forward. These designs are integrated together to give four complete ALU designs. Each of the proposed design has been implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx ISE Suite 14.1 software to verify its functionality. The proposed designs are compared based on quantum cost, garbage outputs and ancilla inputs with their existing counterparts. The simplicity and the reduced quantum cost of the proposed ALU designs, when compared to the existing ones, makes them ideal candidates to be used as modules in quantum computers. The proposed ALUs extend their applications to cryptography, machine learning and nanotechnology.
Reversible logic provides a foundation for nextgeneration computing systems, particularly in quantum and emerging nanotechnology-based architectures. Unlike conventional logic, reversible gates preserve information and support backward computation, making them crucial for designing quantum circuits. This paper introduces a reversible Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) that performs eight fundamental operations-AND, OR, NOT, XOR, addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement-using Fredkin, Peres, TR, and modified Fredkin gates. A dedicated control unit manages operation selection, ensuring functional flexibility and circuit efficiency. The proposed design achieves significant improvements by minimizing ancilla inputs, quantum cost and garbage outputs, resulting in a total quantum cost of 71 and contains 16 reversible gates and 14 garbage outputs. The architecture was modeled and verified using Xilinx Vivado HLS and ISE 14.7, and implemented on the Nexys A7 (Artix-7) FPGA platform. Comparative analysis demonstrates better efficiency than existing reversible ALU designs, establishing the proposed circuit as a strong candidate for quantum computing and other advanced computing paradigms.
In the current scenario, power consumption, speed, size and heat dissipation are the huge challenge in the semiconductor industries. When the size of the single computing element is reduced then the speed can be improved and also if the power dissipation is reduced then the heat dissipation will be less. The possible solution for these two problems is the Reversible Logic and Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). The Reversible Logic is considered to be the promising technology to the future Quantum computer technologies. The Reversible Logic gates prune the power dissipation to a larger extent. In this paper Novel Reversible Gates are proposed with Reversibility and Universality. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is designed with the proposed Reversible Gates in Reversible Logic. The designed Arithmetic and Logic unit is evaluated in QCA with the required specifications. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit is designed by setting the control inputs for each unit. The parameters taken into account are Quantum Cost (QC), Garbage Outputs (GO), Constant Inputs (CI), Area, Number of Cells and Simulation Time. The proposed ALU adopting Novel gates finds utilization in low power applications. Also it can be used as the module in the Quantum computers due to its reduced Quantum Cost and Garbage outputs. The Proposed design extends its applications over Quantum Computing, Optical Computing, Nanotechnology and DNA mapping.
Reversible computing has emerged as a promising solution for reducing energy dissipation in digital systems by addressing the fundamental limitations caused by information loss.Quaternary reversible logic, which uses multi-valued representations, provides higher information density, reduced interconnect complexity, and better scalability when compared to conventional binary logic.This work presents the design and implementation of a quaternary reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that integrates essential computational modules, including arithmetic units, logical units, memory units, decoders, and multiplexers.The proposed architecture supports efficient data routing and precise operation control through a scalable control unit and a selection-line-based design approach.The designed ALU demonstrates reduced quantum cost, fewer garbage outputs, and minimized constant inputs in comparison with existing reversible ALU designs, while remaining compatible with larger reversible and quantum computing architectures.Simulation results and comparative analysis validate the improved efficiency and low-power potential of the proposed system, making it suitable for next-generation computing applications.The complete design is implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized and simulated using Xilinx Vivado Design Suite 2025.
Reversible logic has emerged as a promising paradigm in various domains, such as low power VLSI design, quantum cellular automata, and nanotechnology-based systems. The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is one of the main components of any central processing unit. In this paper we propose two new reversible ALUs using elementary quantum gates, with more functions compared to the existing designs. The results show that the proposed designs are better than the existing counterparts in terms of cost-metrics and the number of functions generated. The proposed reversible ALUs can be used in the implementation of quantum computers. All the designs are with nanometric scales.
Reduction in dimensions of CMOS technology has resulted in great increase in computing speeds but, at the same time, higher power consumption. Thus, a serious limitation arises since conventional approaches will eventually hit the physical limit [1], [2]. Reversible computing seems promising in the context of VLSI. In theory, it could operate without any energy loss due to lossless information processing [3], [4]. The paper presents development and implementation of a reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) based on quantum logic gates working with qubits. The architecture is based on Fredkin gates (quantum cost 5) and CNOT gates (quantum cost 1), both preserving parity and being inherently reversible. The ALU can execute all arithmetic and logical operations and reconfigure operations dynamically according to system requirements. Also, the designed ALU possesses an inherent parity-preserving fault detection mechanism for reliable identification of single-bit faults. Overall the implemented ALU contains 9 CNOT and 7 Fredkin gates resulting in quantum cost equal to 44 and 12 garbage outputs. Thus, the quantum cost and garbage outputs are significantly lower than usual ones for the design of a reversible ALU, which generally amount to 48–65 and 16–20 correspondingly. The designed architecture is described in details through the application of Verilog HDL and simulation in Xilinx Vivado toolset. The work concentrates on optimization of such important parameters as the number of gates, quantum cost, garbage outputs, and constant inputs. Those design parameters are critical in order to develop scalable and sustainable quantum and low-power VLSI architectures.
At present, Boolean algebra based computations by the use of silicon based semiconductor technology are irreversible in nature.This is due to the mismatch of number of inputs and outputs.Reversible logic circuit maps unique input to the output and ensure one to one mapping and basis for emerging applications like low-power design, quantum computation, optical computing, bioinformatics and nanotechnologies.In computing paradigm, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the computing intensive building blocks of the computer that performs arithmetic and logical operations.This work understands and nurtures the necessity of reversible ALU for future revolutionary computing technologies.In this paper, a 4x4 reversible gate which alone performs arithmetic and logic operations is proposed and compared with other reversible gates like TSG, HNG and MKG, in terms of quantum cost, I/O lines and Taffoli gates.The results of different synthesis methods of 4x4 ALG using Revkit tool are studied.Proposed gate performs better than existing methods and ensures maximum logical operations like full adder, full subtractor and all logical operations with less hardware cost where other existing gates are not viable.