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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Frequency-dependent squeezed states for gravitational-wave detection through EPR entanglement

J. Gniesmer, M. Korobko, Sebastian Steinlecher, Roman Schnabel

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.s2b.4

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Frequency-dependent squeezing (FDS) represents a well established way to address quantum noise (QN) in Gravitational-Wave (GW) Earth-based detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. This technique is realized with the use of an external detuned optical resonator, the filter cavity. The experiment we present here is a table-top prototype that will probe a cheaper, more compact and more flexible strategy for broadband QN reduction (Ma et al., 2017). This scheme is based on two-mode Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entangled squeezed light, and it works without any filter cavity. The EPR-entangled beams will propagate in a small-scale suspended interferometer with high-finesse arm-cavities. This experiment aims at validating the EPR conditional squeezing at audio frequencies, suited for GW detection, implementing also innovative optical techniques.
The Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) in interferometric displacement measurement imposes a restriction on the precision of the measurement due to its quantum back-action noise. This limit can be surpassed over a broad frequency band by injecting squeezed vacuum states with a frequency dependent (FD) quadrature angle into the measurement system. Here, we demonstrate the generation of FD squeezed vacuum states by utilizing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states. The frequency dependence of the squeezed state can be tuned by conditionally filtering the measurement once the two entangled fields are detected. A stable control scheme for the method is demonstrated which can be implemented in future gravitational-wave detectors to improve their astronomical reach.
Abstract Quantum Noise limits the sensitivity of gravitational wave interferometers across the full detection band (10 Hz – 10 kHz). Current detectors mitigate quantum noise through frequency-dependent squeezing using large, detuned filter cavities. However, such infrastructure poses challenges for future detectors like the Einstein Telescope, which require more compact and cost-effective solutions. A promising alternative uses Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement to achieve frequency-dependent squeezing without external filter cavities. We are developing an experiment in Virgo’s R&D squeezing laboratory at the European Gravitational Observatory to investigate EPR-based frequency-dependent squeezing in the audio band. The project involves researchers from INFN groups and universities in Italy and institutions in South Korea. After a brief introduction to the scientific motivation, this work describes the main components and summarizes the current status of our experiment and its potential impact on third-generation gravitational wave detectors.