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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Joint Entanglement Between Topology and Polarization Ensures Noise-Resistant Quantum Information Processing

Alexander V. Sergienko, David S. Simon, Shuto Osawa

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Linear-optical photonic quantum walks are used to jointly entangle polarization and winding number. The joint entanglement between distributed and localized parameters ensures quantum information processing tasks enjoy a high degree or error protection.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.s3b.5

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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging•Sep 10, 2019•1 citation
Linear-optical systems can implement photonic quantum walks that simulate systems with nontrivial topological properties. Here, such photonic walks are used to jointly entangle polarization and winding number. This joint entanglement allows information processing tasks to be performed with interactive access to a wide variety of topological features. Topological considerations are used to suppress errors, with polarization allowing easy measurement and manipulation of qubits. We provide three examples of this approach: production of two-photon systems with entangled winding number (including topological analogs of Bell states), a topologically error-protected optical memory register, and production of entangled topologically-protected boundary states. In particular it is shown that a pair of quantum memory registers, entangled in polarization and winding number, with topologically-assisted error suppression can be made with qubits stored in superpositions of winding numbers; as a result, information processing with winding number-based qubits is a viable possibility.
Directionally-unbiased multiports and topological states. The goal is to entangle states associated with distinct topological sectors, and to do so in a way that allows this entangled topology to be readily available for information processing and detection. Specifically, linear optics will be used to produce: (i) winding-number-entangled bulk states, and (ii) an entangled pair of error-protected memory registers. To create the states, a source of initial polarization-entangled light is necessary, specifically type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal. All further processing requires only linear optical elements. Topological invariants characterize global properties of systems and cannot be easily distinguished by localized measurements. This difficulty in measurement traditionally limits their use in many applications. That problem is solved here by linking topology to a more easily-measured variable, polarization. Polarization and winding number will be tightly correlated (and in fact, jointly entangled with each other), but will serve distinct purposes: winding number provides stability against perturbations, while polarization allows easy access and measurement.
Directionally-unbiased multiports and topological states. The goal is to entangle states associated with distinct topological sectors, and to do so in a way that allows this entangled topology to be readily available for information processing and detection. Specifically, linear optics will be used to produce: (i) winding-number-entangled bulk states, and (ii) an entangled pair of error-protected memory registers. To create the states, a source of initial polarization-entangled light is necessary, specifically type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal. All further processing requires only linear optical elements. Topological invariants characterize global properties of systems and cannot be easily distinguished by localized measurements. This difficulty in measurement traditionally limits their use in many applications. That problem is solved here by linking topology to a more easily-measured variable, polarization. Polarization and winding number will be tightly correlated (and in fact, jointly entangled with each other), but will serve distinct purposes: winding number provides stability against perturbations, while polarization allows easy access and measurement. Jointly-entangled topologically-protected bulk states. Start with a polarization-entangled photon source, type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal allowing the two-photon output to be taken as an entangled Bell state. The goal is to convert this into a state of entangled winding number, while keeping polarization entanglement intact to use for control and measurement purposes.