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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Entanglement between Nitrogen-Vacancy spin in diamond and Telecom frequency photon

Sophie Hermans, Anna L. Tchebotareva, Peter Humphreys, D. Voigt, Peter J. Harmsma, Lun K. Cheng, Ad L. Verlaan, Niels Dijkhuizen, Wim de Jong, A. Dréau, Ronald Hanson

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the preservation of entanglement between an NV spin and a photon upon quantum frequency conversion to the Telecom band. This is a crucial step in realizing long-distance quantum networks.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.s2a.5

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We report on the realization and verification of quantum entanglement between a nitrogen-vacancy electron spin qubit and a telecom-band photonic qubit. First we generate entanglement between the spin qubit and a 637 nm photonic time-bin qubit, followed by photonic quantum frequency conversion that transfers the entanglement to a 1588 nm photon. We characterize the resulting state by correlation measurements in different bases and find a lower bound to the Bell state fidelity of ≥0.77±0.03. This result presents an important step towards extending quantum networks via optical fiber infrastructure.
Entanglement-based quantum networks are strongly pursued worldwide, because of their potential impact on secure communication, distributed quantum computing, and timekeeping, for example. Among quantum emitters, the N-VVV center in diamond is a leading candidate for implementing such networks, but high photon loss at the N-VVV emission wavelength hinders long-distance entanglement (beyond ~1 km). The authors surmount this hurdle by down-converting single N-VVV photons to a telecom wavelength, via nonlinear optics plus efficient filtering and excellent control of a lone emitter. This technological achievement is a critical step toward large-scale quantum networks.
Abstract Solid-state spins such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are promising platforms for large-scale quantum networks. Despite the optical interface of NV center system, however, the significant attenuation of its zero-phonon-line photon in optical fiber prevents the network extended to long distances. Therefore a telecom-wavelength photon interface would be essential to reduce the photon loss in transporting quantum information. Here we propose an efficient scheme for coupling telecom photon to NV center ensembles mediated by rare-earth doped crystal. Specifically, we proposed protocols for high fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with parameters within reach of current technologies. Such an interface would bring new insights into future implementations of long-range quantum network with NV centers in diamond acting as quantum nodes.
Practical quantum networks require interfacing quantum memories with existing channels and systems that operate in the telecom band. Here we demonstrate low-noise, bidirectional quantum frequency conversion that enables a solid-state quantum memory to directly interface with telecom-band systems. In particular, we demonstrate conversion of visible-band single photons emitted from a silicon-vacancy ( Si V ) center in diamond to the telecom O band, maintaining low noise ( g 2 ( 0 ) < 0.1 ) and high indistinguishability ( V = 89 ± 8 % ). We further demonstrate the utility of this system for quantum networking by converting telecom-band time-bin pulses, sent across a lossy and noisy 50-km deployed fiber link, to the visible band and entangling them with a diamond quantum memory with fidelity F ≥ 87 ± 2.5 % . These results demonstrate the viability of Si V quantum memories integrated with telecom-band systems for scalable quantum networking applications. Published by the American Physical Society 2024