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ЛАЗЕРНИЙ ФОТОІОНІЗАЦІЙНИЙ СЕНСОР ІЗОТОПІВ ТА ПРОДУКТІВ ЯДЕРНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ НОВОЇ СХЕМИ

Sergey V. Ambrosov

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It is proposed and studied a new optimal theoretical scheme for the laser photoionization sensor of the separating isotopes, nuclear isomers and nuclear reactions products, which is based on the selective laser excitation of the isotope atoms into excited Rydberg states and further stochastic collisional ionization mechanism. The operator perturbation theory and FockerPlank stochastic equation method are used for description of stochastic collisional ionization process. The optimal laser action model and density matrices formalism is used for numeric calculation of the optimal scheme of the Na, U, Cs and Cf isotopes (ions, nuclei) sensing.

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 18, 2020•24 citations
It is proposed and studied a new optimal theoretical scheme for the laser photoionization sensor of the separating isotopes, nuclear isomers and nuclear reactions products, which is based on the selective laser excitation of the isotope atoms into excited Rydberg states and further stochastic collisional ionization mechanism. The operator perturbation theory and FockerPlank stochastic equation method are used for description of stochastic collisional ionization process. The optimal laser action model and density matrices formalism is used for numeric calculation of the optimal scheme of the Na, U, Cs and Cf isotopes (ions, nuclei) sensing.
It is proposed and studied a new optimal theoretical scheme for the laser photoionization sensor of the separating isotopes, nuclear isomers and nuclear reactions products, which is based on the selective laser excitation of the isotope atoms into excited Rydberg states and further stochastic collisional ionization mechanism. The operator perturbation theory and FockerPlank stochastic equation method are used for description of stochastic collisional ionization process. The optimal laser action model and density matrices formalism is used for numeric calculation of the optimal scheme of the Na, U, Cs and Cf isotopes (ions, nuclei) sensing.
Atomic selective ionization processes provide critical ionization probability and isotopic selectivity in laser isotope separation. Aimed at the general principles of transition cross sections and ionization probabilities under various atomic hyperfine structures and laser parameters, and the optimization of atomic multi-channel photo-excitation and ionization processes of non-zero nuclear spin isotopes, the semi-classical density matrix theory of an imaginary two-step photoionization process is established with the consideration of magnetic sublevels of near-resonantly excited hyperfine levels. For determining the dimensionless transition cross sections of hyperfine transition channels, two methods are proposed in this article, i.e. the saturated excitation line-shape comparison method and weak excitation signal strength method, and a good agreement is achieved between numerical dimensionless transition cross sections and experimental results for several non-zero nuclear spin isotopes. The dependence of saturated ionization probability on laser polarization is studied systematically, and the hyperfine transition of Δ F = +1 is found to be superior to Δ F = −1, 0 in terms of saturated ionization probability. A general formula of oversaturated ionization probability is summarized for different hyperfine transitions. An interesting phenomenon called “magnetic sublevel coherence trapping” is employed to explain the inadequate ionization probability of the Δ F = −1 hyperfine transition even under the oversaturated excitation condition, and its mechanism is discussed through the temporal evolution of the density matrix elements. These numerical studies can provide beneficial references for laser isotope separation of isotopes with non-zero nuclear spin, as well as atomic laser spectroscopy.
Numerical computations of ionization efficiency and isotope selectivity of 176 L u have been carried out for the following three-step ladder type photoionization scheme, 5 d 6 s 2 2 D 3 / 2 ( 0.0 c m − 1 ) − − − ⟶ 540.4068 n m ⁡ 5 d 6 s 6 p 4 F 5 / 2 o ( 18504.58 c m − 1 ) − − − ⟶ 535.0626 n m 5 d 6 s 7 s 4 D 3 / 2 ( 37193.98 c m − 1 ) − − − ⟶ 618.0061 n m 53375 c m − 1 A u t o i o n i z a t i o n S t a t e → L u + , by invoking the density matrix formalism for the laser–atom interactions. Equations of motion have been derived for the odd isotopes by inclusion of hyperfine levels. The line shapes and their effect on the ionization efficiency and isotope selectivity have been discussed in detail. The effects of power of excitation and ionization lasers, spectral bandwidths, pulse delays, Doppler broadening of the atomic ensemble on the ionization efficiency, and degree of enrichment have been presented. Optimum conditions for the power of excitation, detunings, and other system parameters for the selective yet efficient photoionization of 176 L u have been identified.