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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Machine Learning For Experimental Single Shot Phase Estimation

Emanuele Polino, Alessandro Lumino, Adil Syed Rab, Giorgio Milani, Nicolò Spagnolo, Fabio Sciarrino, Nathan Wiebe

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We implement adaptive machine learning techniques to enhance the sensitivity in the estimation of a relative phase shift between two paths of an interferometer. The estimation is realized through single photons measured shot by shot.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.t5a.41

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Phase estimation represents a significant example to test the application of quantum theory for enhanced measurements of unknown physical parameters. Several recipes have been developed, allowing to define strategies to reach the ultimate bounds in the asymptotic limit of a large number of trials. However, in certain applications it is crucial to reach such bound when only a small number of probes is employed. Here, we discuss an asymptotically optimal, machine learning based, adaptive single-photon phase estimation protocol that allows us to reach the standard quantum limit when a very limited number of photons is employed.
Quantum metrology is one of the most relevant applications of quantum information theory to quantum technologies.Here, quantum probes are exploited to overcome classical bounds in the estimation of unknown parameters.In this context, phase estimation, where the unknown parameter is a phase shift between two modes of a quantum system, is a fundamental problem.In practical and realistic applications, it is necessary to devise methods to optimally estimate an unknown phase shift by using a limited number of probes.Here we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a machine learning-based approach for the adaptive estimation of a phase shift in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, tailored for optimal performances with limited resources.The employed technique is a genetic algorithm used to devise the optimal feedback phases employed during the estimation in an offline fashion.The results show the capability to retrieve the true value of the phase by using few photons, and to reach the sensitivity bounds in such small probe regime.We finally investigate the robustness of the protocol with respect to common experimental errors, showing that the protocol can be adapted to a noisy scenario.Such approach promises to be a useful tool for more complex and general tasks where optimization of feedback parameters is required.