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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Measurement of temporal signal based on second-order correlation in time domain

Wei-Tao Liu, Huizu Lin, Yao-Kun Xu, Ding Yang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on second-order correlation in time domain, we demonstrated tomography of single photon states via two-photon interference, recovery of a fast signal with a much slower detector, and enhancement of ghost imaging.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.t5a.68

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Quantum Ghost Imaging (QGI) is a scheme using entangled pairs of photons (signal and idler) in order to perform imaging with both single photons and with only a single-element detector in the spectrum of interest. It utilises the temporal coincidence of the photons to identify associated pairs, while their spatial correlation allows to obtain image information from of the idler photon from the measurement of the signal photon. It is especially useful when using nondegenerate photon pairs, allowing to keep the signal photon in the silicon detection window, while the interacting wavelength can be freely chosen.However, current schemes are limited, as they rely on time-gating and heralding. Recent advances in single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) allow the design of new single photon cameras, which can be outfitted with dedicated in-pixel timing circuitry. This allows to register single photons in both time and space. These detectors allowed us to design a new scheme for QGI, in which the coincidence is evaluated after the measurement. It also allows us to perform depth-resolved 3D imaging based on the time-of-flight of photons, first results of which are presented here.
Temporal ghost diffraction (TGD) is observed by taking two-photon cross-correlation in the configuration of reciprocal two-slit diffraction where interference fringes develop on the light source side as opposed to the detector side. To this end, a narrow-band chaotic light source and a gated detector are used in the frequency-time domain, which emulate a randomly pointing incoherent light source and a stationary pinhole detector in the momentum-space domain, respectively. Spectral fringes with a signed visibility that closely follows a sinc function of the spectral bandwidth are clear evidence that legitimate TGD fringes due to two-photon interference have developed. This compares with the previous attempt [M. Bellini et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 043602 (2003)] that is essentially ``ghost imaging of spectral fringes'' to be distinguished from TGD, which implies that the putative GD reports in the literature might demand a revision in terms of their physical insights.