Structural disorder in two-dimensional XY-model creates an anomalous slowing down in the process of critical relaxation. Dynamic dependences of the correlation length ξ ( t ) show slow growth with an "effective" dynamical critical exponent z > 2. For a pure system, it has been shown that a detailed consideration of the vortex dynamics leads to deviations from the known dependence ξ ( t ) ∼ ( t /ln t ) 1/2 .
Structural disorder in two-dimensional XY-model creates an anomalous slowing down in the process of critical relaxation. Dynamic dependences of the correlation length ξ ( t ) show slow growth with an "effective" dynamical critical exponent z > 2. For a pure system, it has been shown that a detailed consideration of the vortex dynamics leads to deviations from the known dependence ξ ( t ) ∼ ( t /ln t ) 1/2 .
Abstract The study of the effects of aging in the non-equilibrium critical relaxation of a two-dimensional XY-model with a non-equilibrium vortex annealing of structural disorder has been carried out. Two-time dynamic dependencies of the spin-spin and defect-defect autocorrelation functions C SS (t,t w) and C DD (t,t w) are obtained for the entire Berezinskii low-temperature phase T < T BKT(p), for a wide range of waiting times t w and spin concentrations p. Near the BKT phase transition point T BKT (p), the dynamic dependencies C DD(t,t w) become uniform with time. However, with a decrease in temperature in the low-temperature phase T < T BKT (p), this relaxation uniformity breaks down, and C DD(t,t w) does not exhibit canonical aging properties. The formation of a declining family of dynamical scaling curves is clearly observed at large observation times t – t w which may indicate the presence of an asymptotic scaling dependence of C DD (t, t w).
The approach to equilibrium, from a nonequilibrium initial state, in a system at its critical point is usually described by a scaling theory with a single growing length scale, xi(t) approximately t(1/z), where z is the dynamic exponent that governs the equilibrium dynamics. We show that, for the 2D XY model, the rate of approach to equilibrium depends on the initial condition. In particular, xi(t) approximately t(1/2) if no free vortices are present in the initial state, while xi(t) approximately (t/lnt)(1/2) if free vortices are present.
Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation of the nonequilibrium critical behavior is carried out for the two-dimensional structurally disordered XY model during its evolution from a high-temperature initial state. The features of the effect of structural disorder on the time dependence of the correlation length ξ(t) of the system and the dynamical scaling of the spin-spin autocorrelation function CSS(t, tw) are revealed. A direct calculation of the dynamic behavior of the correlation length ξ(t) of the two-dimensional structurally disordered XY model is carried out, and it is shown that this model, just as the pure model, exhibits a time dependence with a logarithmic correction ξ(t) ∝ (t/lnt)1/2, which is associated with the nonequilibrium annihilation of vortices and antivortices in the forming vortex pairs. Based on the analysis of the time dependence of the correlation length ξ(t) and the magnetization cumulant g2(t), it is shown that the two-dimensional XY model with the spin concentration p = 0.7 is so close to the spin percolation threshold pc that the influence of the attraction of the percolation fixed point becomes crucial for the relaxation properties of the system. However, the features of the critical dynamics of systems with spin concentrations of p = 0.9 and p = 0.8 are determined by the attraction of the pure fixed point. Temperature and concentration dependences of the Fisher critical exponent η(p, T) are determined using the scaling properties of the calculated two-time dependence of the spin-spin autocorrelation function CSS(t, tw). The scaling functions of the two-time dependence of the spin-spin autocorrelation function CSS(t, tw) are calculated using the dynamic dependence of the correlation length ξ(t) obtained as a result of simulation, and the values of the decay exponents λC(p, T) of the scaling functions in the long-time regime are determined, which are in good agreement with the relation λC(p, T) = 1 + η(p, T) and prove that the dynamical scaling is realized for the nonequilibrium characteristics of structurally disordered systems.
It is shown that the non-equilibrium vortex annealing of structural disorder in a two-dimensional XY-model leads to a non-equilibrium critical coarsening. Large clusters are separated into an individual subsystem, the relaxation dynamics of which is much slower than the relaxation dynamics of the cluster subsystem as a whole. Despite the fact that the main equilibrium critical properties, even the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition temperature T BKT ( p ), of the two-dimensional XY-model with disorder thermalization do not change as compared with the system with quench disorder, the non-equilibrium critical relaxation shows significant differences.
With Monte Carlo methods, we simulate dynamic relaxation processes of the two-dimensional XY model at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition temperature and below, starting from both ordered and disordered initial states. The two-time correlation function A(t',t) is measured, and aging phenomena are investigated. The power-law correction in the spatial correlation length xi(t) for relaxation with an ordered initial state and the logarithmic correction for relaxation with a disordered initial state are carefully analyzed. The scaling functions of A(t',t) are then extracted.
To sensitively test scaling in the two-dimensional XY model quenched from high temperatures into the ordered phase, we study the difference between measured correlations and the (scaling) results of a Gaussian-closure approximation. We also directly compare various length scales. All of our results are consistent with dynamical scaling and an asymptotic growth law L approximately (t/ln[t/t(0)])(1/2), though with a time scale t(0) that depends on the length scale in question. We then reconstruct correlations from the minimal-energy configuration consistent with the vortex positions, and find them significantly different from the "natural" correlations - though both scale with L. This indicates that both topological (vortex) and nontopological "spin-wave" contributions to correlations are relevant arbitrarily late after the quench. We also present a consistent definition of dynamical scaling applicable more generally, and emphasize how to generalize our approach to other quenched systems where dynamical scaling is in question. Our approach directly applies to planar liquid-crystal systems.