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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Generation of a microwave time-bin qubit with a superconducting qubit

Jesper Ilves, Shota Yamazaki, Shingo Kono, Yoshiki Sunada, Minkyu Kim, Kazuki Koshino, Yasunobu Nakamura

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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Abstract Superconducting circuits offer a scalable platform for the construction of large-scale quantum networks, where information can be encoded in multiple temporal modes of propagating microwaves. Characterization of such microwave signals with a method extendable to an arbitrary number of temporal modes with a single detector and demonstration of their phase-robust nature are of great interest. Here, we show the on-demand generation and Wigner tomography of a microwave time-bin qubit with superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture. We perform the tomography with a single heterodyne detector by dynamically switching the measurement quadrature independently for two temporal modes through the pump phase of a phase-sensitive amplifier. We demonstrate that the time-bin encoding scheme relies on the relative phase between the two modes and does not need a shared phase reference between sender and receiver.
Recent studies have shown long-distance entanglement using NV centers, atoms, and quantum dots with single-photon time-bin encoding. We propose a method to entangle remote superconducting qubits via microwave-optical transduction using multi-time-bin states. By adapting conventional entanglement swapping techniques, fidelity improves from 0.75 to 0.980.980.98 in transduction systems, and 0.66 to 0.89 in noisy channels. The protocol mitigates thermal noise without relying on purification and offers a practical path toward scalable, heterogeneous quantum systems.