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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Criticality in Two-Dimensional Quantum Antiferromagnets (2D QAF)

C.P. Landee

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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arXiv:2207.02329•Nature Physics•May 9, 2024•16 citations
The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the extended Lieb lattice in a magnetic field is exactly mapped onto an effective spin-1/2 Ising model on the square lattice. The ground-state phase diagram comprises the quantum antiferromagnetic (QAF), quantum monomer-dimer (MD), classical ferrimagnetic (FRI), and classical ferromagnetic phase. The MD-FRI ground-state phase boundary extends to finite temperatures as a dome-shaped surface of discontinuous thermal transitions bounded by a line of Ising critical points. The QAF phase is enclosed by a surface of continuous thermal transitions evolving from the QAF-MD and QAF-FRI ground-state phase boundaries. Monte Carlo simulations fully confirm the existence and nature of both continuous and discontinuous thermal phase transitions obtained by exact and approximate analytical calculations.
Abstract Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) is a quantum phenomenon in which a macroscopic number of bosons occupy the lowest energy state and acquire coherence at low temperatures. In three-dimensional antiferromagnets, a magnetic-field-induced transition has been successfully described as a magnon BEC. For a strictly two-dimensional (2D) system, it is known that BEC cannot take place due to the presence of a finite density of states at zero energy. However, in a realistic quasi-2D magnet consisting of stacked magnetic layers, a small but finite interlayer coupling stabilizes marginal BEC but such that 2D physics is still expected to dominate. This 2D-limit BEC behaviour has been reported in a few materials but only at very high magnetic fields that are difficult to access. The honeycomb S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet YbCl3 exhibits a transition to a fully polarized state at a relatively low in-plane magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate the formation of a quantum critical 2D Bose gas at the transition field, which, with lowering the field, experiences a BEC marginally stabilized by an extremely small interlayer coupling. Our observations establish YbCl3, previously a Kitaev quantum spin liquid material, as a realization of a quantum critical BEC in the 2D limit.