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IEEE Access

Legitimate Monitoring via Cooperative Relay and Proactive Jamming

Min Zhu, Jianlin Mo, Naixue N. Xiong, Jin Wang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the development of communication technologies, many suspicious communication technologies have also been greatly improved. Therefore, one single monitor may not be able to afford in a monitoring process. In this paper, we propose a wireless communication system using two legitimate monitors for cooperative monitoring program, in which the signals sent by two monitors are respectively designed. One monitor is used as the cooperative relay, which is mainly used to improve the overall information transmission rate. The other monitor, which simultaneously receiving suspicious information and sending jamming signals, is used to ensure the successful eavesdropping process. Our purpose is to obtain the maximum eavesdropping rate by jointly design the transmit beamforming of two monitors. Two cases that the channel state information (CSI) is perfectly and imperfectly known by the monitors are considered. For the perfect CSI, several cases corresponding to the different conditions about the CSI from the suspicious transmitter to two monitors are discussed. In each case, a closed-form solution of the appropriate sending strategy is obtained, in which the physical meaning is also proposed. Then, for the imperfect CSI case, by employing the S-procedure method, we reformulate the robust beamforming design problem and solve it optimally. Finally, in the simulation results, the comparison between the cooperative monitoring scheme and the single monitoring scheme demonstrates that the proposed scheme is better in terms of eavesdropping rate.

DOI
10.1109/access.2019.2904407

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With the development of communication technologies, many suspicious communication technologies have also been greatly improved. Therefore, one single monitor may not be able to afford in a monitoring process. In this paper, we propose a wireless communication system using two legitimate monitors for cooperative monitoring program, in which the signals sent by two monitors are respectively designed. One monitor is used as the cooperative relay, which is mainly used to improve the overall information transmission rate. The other monitor, which simultaneously receiving suspicious information and sending jamming signals, is used to ensure the successful eavesdropping process. Our purpose is to obtain the maximum eavesdropping rate by jointly design the transmit beamforming of two monitors. Two cases that the channel state information (CSI) is perfectly and imperfectly known by the monitors are considered. For the perfect CSI, several cases corresponding to the different conditions about the CSI from the suspicious transmitter to two monitors are discussed. In each case, a closed-form solution of the appropriate sending strategy is obtained, in which the physical meaning is also proposed. Then, for the imperfect CSI case, by employing the S-procedure method, we reformulate the robust beamforming design problem and solve it optimally. Finally, in the simulation results, the comparison between the cooperative monitoring scheme and the single monitoring scheme demonstrates that the proposed scheme is better in terms of eavesdropping rate.
Wireless information surveillance, by which suspicious wireless communications are closely monitored by legitimate agencies, is an integral part of national security. To enhance the information surveillance capability, we propose in this paper a new proactive eavesdropping approach via a spoofing relay, where the legitimate monitor operates in a full-duplex manner with simultaneous eavesdropping and spoofing relaying to vary the source transmission rate in favor of the eavesdropping performance. To this end, a power splitting receiver is proposed, where the signal received at each antenna of the legitimate monitor is split into two parts for information eavesdropping and spoofing relaying, respectively. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the achievable eavesdropping rate by jointly optimizing the power splitting ratios and relay precoding matrix at the multiantenna monitor. Depending on the suspicious and eavesdropping channel conditions, the optimal solution corresponds to three possible spoofing relay strategies, namely constructive relaying, jamming, and simultaneous jamming and destructive relaying. Numerical results show that the proposed technique significantly improves the eavesdropping rate of the legitimate monitor as compared to the existing passive eavesdropping and jamming-assisted eavesdropping schemes.
In this paper, we consider a proactive eavesdropping scenario, where a central monitor tries to intercept the information exchanged between a pair of suspicious entities through amplify-and-forward full-duplex relays and a cooperative jammer. Specifically, the eavesdropping relays simultaneously listen to the suspicious transmitter and forward the eavesdropped information to the central monitor. At the same time, the jammer broadcasts jamming signals to maintain the data rate of the suspicious users below the channel capacity of the central monitor so that the eavesdropped information can be successfully decoded by the central monitor. In this system, we jointly design the receive combining vector at the central monitor, the relay precoders at the eavesdropping relays and the transmit covariance matrix at the jammer to maximize the eavesdropping rate. First, we examine the case of a single eavesdropping relay equipped with a single antenna and provide some useful insights. Also, an effective two-layer optimization method is proposed to obtain the globally optimal solution. Then, we study a general case of multiple eavesdropping relays with multiple antennas, and solve a semi-definite relaxation problem. Numerical results verify the efficiency of our proposed solutions for both single and multiple relay cases and show considerable performance gains over conventional schemes.
This paper considers wireless information surveillance systems, in which one suspicious communication link is intercepted by a legitimate monitor to prevent possible criminal or terrorist attacks from the link. To enhance the information surveillance performance, a novel proactive eavesdropping mechanism is proposed with the help of a cooperative relay. It is assumed that the relay operates in full-duplex (FD) mode to assist monitor for information relaying and jamming transmission simultaneously. Based on the proposed mechanism, the joint relay beamforming and power allocation scheme is further proposed and the closed form optimal solutions are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed proactive eavesdropping mechanism can achieve better surveillance performance than both proactive eavesdropping schemes without the help of cooperative relay and cooperative surveillance with pure information forwarding. Simulation results also reveal that the proposed power allocation scheme boosts surveillance performance significantly compared with those equal power allocation scheme.
From the perspective of national security, legitimate government agencies have long been committed to enforcing powerful surveillance measures on suspicious individuals or communications. This paper investigates a wireless legitimate surveillance system, where a full-duplex multi-antenna legitimate monitor aims to eavesdrop on a dubious communication link between a suspicious pair via proactive jamming. It is assumed that the legitimate monitor can successfully eavesdrop the suspicious information only when its achievable data rate is no smaller than that of the suspicious receiver. To maximize the eavesdropping non-outage probability, optimal joint design of the jamming power, receive and transmit beamformers at the legitimate monitor is presented. Moreover, two low-complexity suboptimal beamforming schemes are proposed and the corresponding analytical results are obtained. Our outcomes demonstrate that by exploiting multiple antennas at the legitimate monitor, the eavesdropping non-outage probability exhibits a significant improvement compared to the single antenna case. In addition, the proposed suboptimal transmit zero-forcing scheme yields similar performance as the optimal scheme.
In this paper, we consider a legitimate proactive eavesdropping scenario where a distant central monitor covertly wiretaps the communication between a pair of suspicious users via several multi-antenna full-duplex spoofing relays and a multi-antenna cooperative jammer. Assuming an adaptive transmission policy at the suspicious users, the spoofing relays not only intercept but also forward the manipulated information to control the data rate of the suspicious users in collaboration with the jammer. We provide a technique which jointly optimizes the receive combining vector at the central monitor, the precoders at the relays, and the transmit covariance matrix at the jammer for maximizing the eavesdropping rate. To reveal some fundamental properties of the optimal operation, we first study a single-relay system. It is shown that when the central monitor experiences a poor eavesdropping channel link, the spoofing relay and the jammer should transmit destructive signals and jamming signals, respectively. In this case, the suspicious users are forced to decrease their data rate, while the intercepted information can be successfully decoded by the central monitor. On the other hand, when the eavesdropping channel condition is favorable, the spoofing relay forwards constructive signals to further increase the data rate at the suspicious users in a way that more information can be intercepted from the suspicious users. We then formulate a general eavesdropping rate maximization problem for multiple relays and present a semi-definite relaxation approach. A low-complexity design is also proposed based on our analysis for the single-relay system. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed solutions compared to other baseline schemes in various practical setups.
This article considers a proactive eavesdropping scenario, where two suspicious nodes exchange their information via one suspicious relay in two phases, the process of which is under the supervision of one legitimate monitor. Specifically, these two suspicious nodes broadcast their suspicious data in phase 1 and the relay forwards the amplified version of its received signal in phase 2, according to which two proactive eavesdropping strategies, i.e., “passive eavesdropping first” and “jamming first,” are designed. Using the former strategy, the monitor proceeds eavesdropping with a minimum-mean-squar-error (MMSE) receiver in phase 1 and implements eavesdropping or simultaneous assisting and jamming in phase 2. Using the latter strategy, the monitor implements jamming in phase 1 and performs eavesdropping in phase 2. For these strategies, we provide the detailed analysis and formulate the corresponding optimization problems of sum eavesdropping rate maximization subject to finite transmit power of the monitor, each of which is then solved by carefully designing the power allocation scheme or the assisting/jamming beamformer at the legitimate monitor. In addition, for the “passive eavesdropping first” strategy, we also consider a more advanced MMSE with a successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver and concurrently exploit the time-sharing (TS) technique to further improve the eavesdropping rate. Finally, simulation results indicate that the “passive eavesdropping first” strategy is more preferable compared to the “jamming first” strategy, and the SIC and TS are preferable for promoting the more effective eavesdropping.