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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Photon storage and interactions in cold atomic ensembles inside hollow-core fibers

Michal Bajcsy, Taehyun Yoon, Paul Anderson, Brian Duong, C. Vickers, Sheng-Xiang Lin, Zhenghao Ding, Jeremy Flannery, Rubayet Al Maruf, Behrooz Semnani, Jiawei Qiu, Fereshteh Rajabi

Published Mar 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report loading of laser-cooled caesium atoms into a hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber and confining the atoms in the fiber’s 7μm diameter core with a red-detuned dipole trap. In this system, the atom-photon interaction probability is in the range of 0.5% and optical depths exceeding 100 can be achieved. We discuss the outlooks for photon storage and nonlinear optics at low light levels, such as cross-phase modulation and single-photon wavelength conversion, in this system.

DOI
10.1117/12.2515633

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We report loading of laser-cooled cesium atoms into a hollow-core photonic-band gap fiber and confining the atoms in the fiber's $7\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-diameter core with a magic-wavelength dipole trap at $\ensuremath{\sim}935$ nm. The use of the magic wavelength removes the ac Stark shift of the 852 nm optical transition in cesium caused by the dipole trap in the fiber core and suppresses the inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic ensemble that arises from the radial distribution of the atoms. This opens the possibility to continuously probe the atoms over timescales of a millisecond---approximately 1000 times longer than what was reported in previous works, because the dipole trap does not have to be modulated. We describe our atom-loading setup and its unique features and present spectroscopy measurements of the cesium's ${D}_{2}$ line in the continuous-wave dipole trap with up to $1.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ loaded inside the hollow-core fiber.

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We report loading of laser-cooled caesium atoms into a hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber and confining the atoms in the fiber’s 7μm diameter core with a red-detuned dipole trap. In this system, the atom-photon interaction probability is in the range of 0.5% and optical depths exceeding 100 can be achieved. We discuss the outlooks for photon storage and nonlinear optics at low light levels, such as cross-phase modulation and single-photon wavelength conversion, in this system.
Cold atoms confined inside a hollow core photonic crystal fiber with core diameter of a few photon wavelengths are a promising medium for studying nonlinear optical interactions at extremely low light levels. The high electric field intensity per photon, large optical depths, and interaction lengths not limited by diffraction are some of the unique features of this system. We describe recent progress in our experiment that uses a combination of magnetic trapping and a red-detuned optical dipole trap to transfer cold rubidium atoms into the hollow-core fiber. We present data on transfer efficiencies as well as preliminary experiments towards nonlinear optics with few photon pulses.
Our goal is to study quantum optical phenomena in a strong nonlinear optical system. For this purpose, we create a hollow-core photonic-crystal (HCPC) fiber-based platform that confines photons and atomic ensembles together. This enables strong light-matter interactions which are crucial for implementing optical nonlinearities at single-photon levels [1]. We use an optical dipole trap at cesium's magic wavelength to guide laser cooled cesium atoms into and inside the fiber core. This approach will allow us to perform experiments with the dipole trap continuously on as opposed to the previously reported fiber-loading systems [2,3] in which the dipole trap was rapidly amplitude-modulated to avoid the effect from the spatially dependent AC Stark shift. In this system, we perform experiments on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and demonstrate slow light and all optical switch. We also aim to observe large cross-phase modulation (XPM) using a three-level ladder scheme [4,5]. Lastly, the approaches to integrate a cavity into HCPCFs to increase light-matter interactions, thus the optical nonlinearities, will be described.
We describe the loading of laser-cooled rubidium atoms into a single-mode hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber. Inside the fiber, the atoms are confined by a far-detuned optical trap and probed by a weak resonant beam. We describe different loading methods and compare their trade-offs in terms of implementation complexity and atom-loading efficiency. The most efficient procedure results in loading of  30~30 30,000 rubidium atoms, which creates a medium with an optical depth of  180~180 180 inside the fiber. Compared to our earlier study [1] this represents a sixfold increase in the maximum achieved optical depth in this system.
We report loading of laser-cooled cesium atoms into a hollow-core photonic-band gap fiber and confining the atoms in the fiber's $7\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-diameter core with a magic-wavelength dipole trap at $\ensuremath{\sim}935$ nm. The use of the magic wavelength removes the ac Stark shift of the 852 nm optical transition in cesium caused by the dipole trap in the fiber core and suppresses the inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic ensemble that arises from the radial distribution of the atoms. This opens the possibility to continuously probe the atoms over timescales of a millisecond---approximately 1000 times longer than what was reported in previous works, because the dipole trap does not have to be modulated. We describe our atom-loading setup and its unique features and present spectroscopy measurements of the cesium's D2{D}_{2}D2​ line in the continuous-wave dipole trap with up to $1.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ loaded inside the hollow-core fiber.