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Журнал технической физики

Модифицированный метод фарадеевского вращения для исследования атомных линий рубидия и калия в сверхтонких ячейках

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Amiryan, Т.А. Вартанян, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

AbstractA nanocell filled with atomic vapors of rubidium and potassium was used to develop a modified method of Faraday rotation. The formed lines are characterized by a spectral width that is a factor of 1.5‒2 smaller than those obtained by traditional method of Faraday rotation in nanocells. The new method allows obtaining the spectral width of atomic line that is 8 times smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D _2 line of rubidium and 15 time smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D _1,2 lines of potassium. In magnetic fields B = 100−1200 G, all atomic lines of Rb and K atoms are spectrally resolved and identified. In the case of the D _2 line of Rb, it is demonstrated that the probabilities of magneto-induced transitions (^87Rb, F _ g = 1 → F _ e = 3 and ^85Rb, F _ g = 2 → F _ e = 4) can exceed the probabilities of the allowed transitions. Convenience and efficiency of the modified method of Faraday rotation for high-resolution spectroscopy is demonstrated.

DOI
10.21883/os.2019.03.47362.284-18

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AbstractA nanocell filled with atomic vapors of rubidium and potassium was used to develop a modified method of Faraday rotation. The formed lines are characterized by a spectral width that is a factor of 1.5‒2 smaller than those obtained by traditional method of Faraday rotation in nanocells. The new method allows obtaining the spectral width of atomic line that is 8 times smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D _2 line of rubidium and 15 time smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D _1,2 lines of potassium. In magnetic fields B = 100−1200 G, all atomic lines of Rb and K atoms are spectrally resolved and identified. In the case of the D _2 line of Rb, it is demonstrated that the probabilities of magneto-induced transitions (^87Rb, F _ g = 1 → F _ e = 3 and ^85Rb, F _ g = 2 → F _ e = 4) can exceed the probabilities of the allowed transitions. Convenience and efficiency of the modified method of Faraday rotation for high-resolution spectroscopy is demonstrated.
Abstract A nanocell filled with atomic vapors of rubidium and potassium was used to develop a modified method of Faraday rotation. The formed lines are characterized by a spectral width that is a factor of 1.5‒2 smaller than those obtained by traditional method of Faraday rotation in nanocells. The new method allows obtaining the spectral width of atomic line that is 8 times smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D2 line of rubidium and 15 time smaller than the Doppler broadening in the case of the D1,2 lines of potassium. In magnetic fields B = 100−1200 G, all atomic lines of Rb and K atoms are spectrally resolved and identified. In the case of the D2 line of Rb, it is demonstrated that the probabilities of magneto-induced transitions (87Rb, Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 and 85Rb, Fg = 2 → Fe = 4) can exceed the probabilities of the allowed transitions. Convenience and efficiency of the modified method of Faraday rotation for high-resolution spectroscopy is demonstrated.
A modified Faraday rotation method is developed using a nanocell filled with cesium vapor. Formed atomic lines have a spectral width 1.5–2 times narrower than those obtained by the Faraday rotation method. In magnetic fields of B = 5000–7000 G, all the atomic transitions of the Cs D 2 lines, formed in the spectra, are spectrally resolved and identified. In particular, transitions that are forbidden at B = 0 G have been investigated, however, at certain values of the magnetic field, there is a gigantic increase in their probabilities. It is shown that the modified Faraday rotation method is convenient and efficient for high-resolution spectroscopy for Cs atoms. There is а good agreement between the experimental results and calculated values. The practical applications are also noted.
The rotation of the radiation polarization plane in a longitudinal magnetic field (Faraday effect) on the D 1 line in atomic Rb vapor has been studied with the use of a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 100–900 nm. It has been shown that an important parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 795 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The best parameters of the signal of rotation of the radiation polarization plane have been obtained at the thickness L = λ/2 = 397.5 nm. The fabricated nanocell had a large region with such a thickness. The spectral width of the signal reached at the thickness L = 397.5 nm is approximately 30 MHz, which is much smaller than the spectral width (≈ 500 MHz) reached with ordinary cells with a thickness in the range of 1–100 mm. The parameters of the Faraday rotation signal have been studied as functions of the temperature of the nanocell, the laser power, and the magnetic field strength. The signal has been reliably detected at the laser power P L ≥ 1 μW, magnetic field strength B ≥ 0.5 G, and the temperature of the nanocell T ≥ 100°C. It has been shown that the maximum rotation angle of the polarization plane in the longitudinal magnetic field is reached on the F g = 3 → F e = 2 transition of the 85Rb atom. The spectral profile of the Faraday rotation signal has a specific shape with a sharp peak, which promotes its applications. In particular, Rb atomic transitions in high magnetic fields about 1000 G are split into a large number of components, which are completely spectrally resolved and allow the study of the behavior of an individual transition.
Abstract The interaction of rubidium atoms with sapphire cell windows at an interwindow distance L = 40–100 nm is studied. For studies, we used the Faraday rotation (FR) effect (rotation of the plane of radiation polarization in a magnetic field) in a thin rubidium atom vapor column for D1, 2 lines. When L decreases from 100 to 40 nm, a red shift of the FR signal frequency is detected: it increases from 10 to 250 MHz, and the broadening of the low-frequency wing increases to ~1 GHz. The atomic transition Fg = 3 → Fe = 2 for the D1 line of 85Rb is shown to be convenient for such investigations, since it can be spectrally separated from other strongly broadened atomic transitions. Coefficients C3, which characterize the atom–surface interaction for the D1 and D2 lines of Rb, are determined. An additional red frequency shift takes place at a nanocell thickness L < 100 nm when the Rb atom density increases, and this shift is absent at large L. A practical application of an FR signal for measuring strong magnetic fields of several kilogausses is described.
It is shown experimentally that use of fluorescence and transmission spectra obtained from nanocells with the thickness of column of rubidium atomic vapor L = λ/2 and L = λ, respectively (λ = 794 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation close to resonance with D 1-line transition of Rb atoms), by means of a narrowband diode laser allows spectral separation and study of variations of probabilities of atomic transitions between ground and excited states of hfs of D 1 lines of 85Rb and 87Rb atoms in the range of magnetic fields from 10 to 5000 G. Small thickness of atomic vapor column (∼390 nm and ∼794 nm) allows applying permanent magnets simplifying essentially creation of strong magnetic fields. Advantages of this technique are discussed as compared with the technique of saturated absorption. The obtained results show that a nanocell with submicrom thickness of vapor column may serve as a basis for designing a magnetometer with submicron local spatial resolution which is important in case of measuring strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical results.
It has been experimentally demonstrated that the use of the effect of significant narrowing of the fluorescence spectrum from a nanocell that contains a column of atomic Rb vapor with a thickness of L = 0.5λ (where λ = 794 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation, whose frequency is resonant with the atomic transition of the D 1 line of Rb) and the application of narrowband diode lasers allow the spectral separation and investigation of changes in probabilities of optical atomic transitions between levels of the hyperfine structure of the D 1 line of 87Rb and 85Rb atoms in external magnetic fields of 10–2500 Gs (for example, for one of transitions, the probability increases ∼17 times). Small column thicknesses (∼390 nm) allow the application of permanent magnets, which facilitates significantly the creation of strong magnetic fields. Experimental results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values. The advantages of this method over other existing methods are noted. The results obtained show that a magnetometer with a local spatial resolution of ∼390 nm can be created based on a nanocell with the column thickness L = 0.5λ. This result is important for mapping strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields.