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Dagstuhl reports

Quantum Cryptanalysis (Dagstuhl Seminar 15371)

Michele Mosca, Martin Roetteler, Nicolas Sendrier, Rainer Steinwandt

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15371 "Quantum Cryptanalysis". In this seminar, participants explored the impact that quantum algorithms will have on cryptology once a large-scale quantum computer becomes available. Research highlights in this seminar included both computational resource requirement and availability estimates for meaningful quantum cryptanalytic attacks against conventional cryptography, as well as the security of proposed quantum-safe cryptosystems against emerging quantum cryptanalytic attacks.

DOI
10.4230/dagrep.5.9.1

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Cryptography is a critical technology in the modern computing industry, but the security of many cryptosystems relies on the difficulty of mathematical problems such as integer factorization and discrete logarithms. Large quantum computers can solve these problems efficiently, enabling the effective cryptanalysis of many common cryptosystems using such algorithms as Shor’s and Grover’s. If data integrity and security are to be preserved in the future, the algorithms that are vulnerable to quantum cryptanalytic techniques must be phased out in favor of quantum-proof cryptosystems. While quantum computer technology is still developing and is not yet capable of breaking commercial encryption, these steps can be taken immediately to ensure that the impending development of large quantum computers does not compromise sensitive data.
This paper investigates the potential impact of quantum computing on the security of currently deployed cryptographic algorithms. The core premise is that the advent of powerful quantum computers, leveraging algorithms like Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm, poses a significant threat to widely used public-key cryptosystems and symmetric-key algorithms. We present a theoretical analysis of several key algorithms – RSA, ECC, and AES – examining their vulnerabilities when subjected to quantum attacks. Specifically, we explore the exponential speedup offered by Shor's algorithm for factoring large numbers, the impact on the key size of ECC, and the Grover's algorithm's influence on symmetric key search. Our work highlights the urgency of transitioning to post-quantum cryptography standards to mitigate the risks posed by this technological advancement. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of quantum cryptanalysis and its implications for the future of secure communication.