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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Effective SU(N) multi-body interactions in ultracold fermionic atoms on a lattice

Michael A. Perlin, Akihisa Goban, Ross B. Hutson, G. Edward Marti, Sara Campbell, Jun Ye, Ana María Rey

Published May 30, 2018• 0 citations
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Measurement of Tan's contact in SU(NNN) fermions

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Contact interactions play a fundamental role for understanding correlated quantum systems from microscopic models. For example, the 1/k4 momentum tail, the weight of which is known as Tan's contact, reveals a set of universal relations in interacting atomic systems. Nevertheless, the experimental measurement of contact has still remained unexplored for multi-component fermions with high spins. Here, we report on the measurement of s-wave contact parameter in a cold spin-balanced gas of 173Yb atoms with SU(N) symmetry. The high-momentum tail is recorded after time-of-flight expansion, and Tan's contact is directly quantified with a tunable number of spin component N without changing the number of atoms per component. We experimentally verify the linear increase in the contact with N providing experimental confirmation of the SU(N) interaction. Furthermore, we investigate the momentum distribution of SU(N) fermions at the low momentum regime showing that multi-component fermions with large N exhibit a more bosonic behavior. Our measurement directly reveals the interaction effect in a multi-component Fermi gas with SU(N) symmetry, and paves the way for study of many-body physics with high spins.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•May 28, 2019•0 citations
Rapid advancements in the experimental capabilities with ultracold alkaline-earth-like atoms (AEAs) bring to a surprisingly near term the prospect of performing quantum simulations of spin models and lattice field theories exhibiting SU( N ) symmetry. Motivated in particular by recent experiments preparing high density samples of strongly interacting 87 Sr atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice, we develop a low-energy effective theory of fermionic AEAs which exhibits emergent multi-body SU( N )-symmetric interactions, where N is the number of atomic nuclear spin levels. Our theory is limited to the experimental regime of (i) a deep lattice, with (ii) at most one atom occupying each nuclear spin state on any lattice site. The latter restriction is a consequence of initial ground-state preparation. We fully characterize the low-lying excitations in our effective theory, and compare predictions of many-body interaction energies with direct measurements of many-body excitation spectra in an optical lattice clock. Our work makes the first step in enabling a controlled, bottom-up experimental investigation of multi-body SU( N ) physics.
Cold atoms in optical lattices offer an exciting new laboratory where quantum many-body phenomena can be realized in a highly controlled way. They can serve as quantum simulators for notoriously difficult problems like high-temperature superconductivity. This review is focused on recent developments and new results in multi-component systems. Fermionic atoms with SU(N) symmetry have exotic superfluid and flavor-ordered ground states. We discuss symmetry breaking, collective modes and detection issues. Bosonic multi-flavor ensembles allow for engineering of spin Hamiltonians which are interesting from a quantum computation point of view. Finally, we will address the competition of disorder and interaction in optical lattices. We present a complete phase diagram obtained within dynamical mean-field theory and discuss experimental observability of the Mott and Anderson phases.
Contact interactions play a fundamental role for understanding correlated quantum systems from microscopic models. For example, the 1/k4 momentum tail, the weight of which is known as Tan's contact, reveals a set of universal relations in interacting atomic systems. Nevertheless, the experimental measurement of contact has still remained unexplored for multi-component fermions with high spins. Here, we report on the measurement of s-wave contact parameter in a cold spin-balanced gas of 173Yb atoms with SU(N) symmetry. The high-momentum tail is recorded after time-of-flight expansion, and Tan's contact is directly quantified with a tunable number of spin component N without changing the number of atoms per component. We experimentally verify the linear increase in the contact with N providing experimental confirmation of the SU(N) interaction. Furthermore, we investigate the momentum distribution of SU(N) fermions at the low momentum regime showing that multi-component fermions with large N exhibit a more bosonic behavior. Our measurement directly reveals the interaction effect in a multi-component Fermi gas with SU(N) symmetry, and paves the way for study of many-body physics with high spins.