Under dual correlated Rician fading and unknown wiretapper's channel state information, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is theoretically studied for the first time in this paper. The signal-to-noise ratio probability density function of bivariate correlated Rician fading is derived. Using an infinite-summation form for the modified Bessel functions of the first kind, compact expressions for the SOP are obtained. The new findings generalise the current findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading, and advance theoretical developments for wireless secrecy under correlated fading. Simulation results are given, which are shown to match theoretical prediction. Detailed discussions are also given.
Under dual correlated Rician fading and unknown wiretapper's channel state information, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is theoretically studied for the first time in this paper. The signal-to-noise ratio probability density function of bivariate correlated Rician fading is derived. Using an infinite-summation form for the modified Bessel functions of the first kind, compact expressions for the SOP are obtained. The new findings generalise the current findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading, and advance theoretical developments for wireless secrecy under correlated fading. Simulation results are given, which are shown to match theoretical prediction. Detailed discussions are also given.
Using a well-known wiretap model, for the first time in this paper, closed-form solutions are achieved for wireless secrecy under dual correlated Rician fading. A novel wireless secrecy and end-to-end (e2e) system analysis employing decode-and-forward (DF) opportunistic relays and an adaptive encoder with on/off transmission are reported. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution of dual correlated Rician fading is first obtained as a function of four nested infinite summations, which (i) converges for a finite number of terms, and (ii) is employed to compute secrecy outage probability for a passive wiretapper. Using two-dimensional Laplace transform of the SNR distribution of dual correlated Rician fading, an e2e system analysis is then given by deriving compact expressions for e2e SNR distributions, and e2e ergodic capacity. Relationships between important parameters are elaborated and explained. An asymptotic analysis and proof for infinite summation convergence are also given. It is shown that there is a trade-off between transmission quality and security via line-of-sight power. Simulation results are shown to match theoretical prediction, which validates this work.
Using a well-known wiretap model, secrecy outage probability is computed under dual correlated Rician fading employing opportunistic relays. A signal-to-noise ratio distribution of dual correlated Rician fading is first obtained as a function of four nested infinite summations, which (i) converges for a finite number of terms, and (ii) is employed to compute secrecy outage probability for a passive wiretapper. Relationships among important parameters are elaborated and explained. Proof for infinite summation convergence is also given, which realises the practicality of this work. Simulation results are shown to match theoretical predictions.
Wireless secrecy under dual correlated Rician fading environments is theoretically studied for correlated source-destination and source-wiretapper channels. Without considering wiretapper active jamming capability, expressions for: 1) the ergodic secrecy capacity when the wiretapper is active and 2) secrecy outage probability when the wiretapper is passive are obtained. To further improve system security, new secrecy analyses employing an adaptive encoder with ON/OFF transmission are also given. The new findings exactly reduce to existing findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading and advance theoretical developments for wireless secrecy under dual correlated Rician fading. Monte Carlo simulation results are given, which match theoretical predictions. Under wireless secrecy context, the disadvantage of line-of-sight (LoS) power and channel correlation is evidently shown, revealing the non-usefulness of LoS power and establishing a tradeoff between the transmission security and the transmission success. Benefits of a high-average transmit signal-to-noise ratio are discussed.
Secrecy Analyses for Real m Under Dual Correlated Nakagami- m Fading Employing an Adaptive Encoder and a New Broadcasting Protocol
Using a well-known wire-tap model, novel wireless secrecy analyses under dual correlated Nakagami-m fading with a real fading parameter m are reported. Infinite summations for incomplete gamma functions are employed to derive compact expressions for secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability (SOP) under noninteger m. Independently, using finite summations, corresponding closed-form findings for integer m are also derived. In the current literature, finite summations for the incomplete gamma functions, whose first arguments and hence m must be an integer, are employed to obtain closed-form expressions for, first, the SOP (with an unknown passive wire-tapper's channel state information), and second, ergodic secrecy capacity (with partially known active wire-tapper's channel state information under slow fading). The new secrecy results for noninteger m generalize the proposed findings for integer m, and existing findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading for m = 1. The new findings can thus be comprehensively employed for wireless secrecy computation under dual correlated Nakagami-m fading for realm. Infinite-summation convergence and cross verification are also obtained for a finite number of terms, which shows the practicality and consistency of the new findings. For the first time, secrecy analyses employing an adaptive encoder with ON/OFF transmission are performed under dual correlated Nakagami-m fading for real m to not only improve wireless secrecy, but also achieve the eventual successful transmission from a source to a destination. The new SOP results for real m can be employed as lower bounds and complete theoretical secrecy analyses, for SOP under dual correlated Nakagami-m fading with integer m. Simulation results are employed to show matching between the proposed findings and existing findings.
In this paper, when transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) schemes are deployed for secrecy enhancement, the impact of channel correlation on secrecy performance is investigated over Rayleigh fading channels. Specially, both the exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability (SOP) for TAS/MRC are derived based on a novel correlation model, where the correlated legitimate channels and eavesdropper channels are modeled as a set of conditional independent channel gains. Moreover, the lower bound of SOP is obtained in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. Finally, simulation results verify our analysis, and show that the channel correlation between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper is beneficial to the SOP at high SNR.
Current wireless secrecy research in the literature has mainly been performed for one wiretapper under correlated fading. In this paper, a new wireless secrecy framework for multiple wiretappers under multivariate exponentially-correlated (exp.c.) Nakagami-m fading is proposed. Using the distribution of multivariate exp.c. Nakagami-m fading, new, exact, and compact expressions for the ergodic secrecy capacity, and secrecy outage probability (SOP) under multiple wiretappers are obtained for an integer fading parameter m. A secrecy analysis is also performed for the first time in this paper using an adaptive on/off transmission encoder under multivariate exp.c. Nakagami-m fading. A secrecy analysis with three wiretappers under quadrivariate exp.c. Nakagami-m fading is also given, which shows the effectiveness of the new framework. Simulation results are shown to exactly match theoretical predictions.