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Annalen der Physik

Hybrid Quantum Gates: High‐Fidelity Hybrid Quantum Gates between a Flying Photon and Diamond Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers Assisted by Low‐Q Single‐Sided Cavities (Ann. Phys. 1/2019)

Ming Li, Jia-Yin Lin, Mei Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In article number 1800312, Ming Li, Jia-Ying Lin, and Mei Zhang propose a high-fidelity hybrid quantum Toffoli gate between a flying photon and diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers assisted by low-Q single-sided cavities. Photon detectors are employed to herald errors that occur in the practical input-output processes, which brings along the high fidelity while trading off a little efficiency.

DOI
10.1002/andp.201970011

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In article number 1800312, Ming Li, Jia-Ying Lin, and Mei Zhang propose a high-fidelity hybrid quantum Toffoli gate between a flying photon and diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers assisted by low-Q single-sided cavities. Photon detectors are employed to herald errors that occur in the practical input-output processes, which brings along the high fidelity while trading off a little efficiency.
Abstract High‐fidelity universal quantum gates are crucial in quantum computing. Three high‐fidelity universal quantum gates, namely the hybrid controlled NOT gate, the hybrid Toffoli gate, and the hybrid Fredkin gate, on a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, assisted by low‐Q single‐sided cavities, are presented. Errors due to the imperfection of the practical input–output process are detected to improve the fidelity of these quantum gates, which therefore relaxes the requirement on their implementation, since strong coupling is no longer mandatory. In addition, quantum gates have the advantage that they can work faithfully even when the resonant condition among the NV center, the photon, and the cavity is not strictly satisfied, or the NV centers are not identical. The performance and success probability of these quantum gates are analyzed, finding that these schemes are feasible with current technology.
Robust universal quantum gates with an extremely high fidelity hold an important position in large-scale quantum computing. Here, we propose a scheme for several robust universal photonic quantum gates on a two-or three-photon system, including the controlled-NOT gate, the Toffoli gate, and the Fredkin gate, assisted by low-Q single-sided cavities. In our scheme, the quantum gates are robust against imperfect process occurring with the photons and the electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers inside low-Q cavities. Errors due to the imperfect process are transferred to some heralding responses, which may lead to a direct recycling procedure to remedy the success probability of the quantum gates. As a result, the adverse impact of the imperfect process on fidelity is eliminated, greatly relaxing the restrictions on implementation of various quantum gates in experiments. Furthermore, the scheme is designed in a compact and heralded style, which can increase the robustness against environmental noise and local fluctuation, thus decreasing the operation time, the error probability, and the quantum resource consumption in a large-scale integrated quantum circuit. The near-unity fidelity and not-too-low efficiency with current achievable experimental techniques guarantees the feasibility of the scheme.
Hybrid quantum gates hold great promise for quantum information processing since they preserve the advantages of different quantum systems. Here we present compact quantum circuits to deterministically implement controlled-NOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates between a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by microcavities. The target qubits of these universal quantum gates are encoded on the spins of the electrons associated with the diamond NV centers and they have long coherence time for storing information, and the control qubit is encoded on the polarizations of the flying photon and can be easily manipulated. Our quantum circuits are compact, economic, and simple. Moreover, they do not require additional qubits. The complexity of our schemes for universal three-qubit gates is much reduced, compared to the synthesis with two-qubit entangling gates. These schemes have high fidelities and efficiencies, and they are feasible in experiment.
Abstract In high-dimensional quantum systems, qudits offer a richer resource than traditional two-dimensional qubits, increasing the capacity of quantum channels and enhancing the efficiency of fault-tolerant quantum computation. These advantages can be utilized to solve complex problems across various fields. In the paper, we propose a 2-qudit controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate in a 4 × 4 -dimensional space and a 3-qudit controlled-controlled-NOT (Toffoli) gate in a 4 × 4 × 4 -dimensional space, both equipped with error-heralded units. Our designs do not require auxiliary photons or extra negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center, resulting in saving resources. Moreover, since the imperfect NV−-cavity interaction processes are predicted in real-time by sensitive single-photon detectors, both high-dimensional CNOT and Toffoli gates boast robust fidelities using existing technology. Furthermore, our protocols simplify circuits with error-heralded units, significantly contributing to the effectiveness of quantum information technology and paving the way for advanced high-dimensional quantum computing.
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.