Abstract: Computers have significantly changed the human life, the existing computers are evolved on Turing machine model. Scientific advancements and requirements of human life are progressing rapidly and the existing computers and computational models are unable to meet the actual requirements due to their constraints. Many researchers have studied on computational models for improving its efficiency; quantum computational model has shown promising results. This paper discusses various topics related to quantum computation and quantum computers. Keywords: Quantum Computers, Classical Computers.
Abstract: Computers have significantly changed the human life, the existing computers are evolved on Turing machine model. Scientific advancements and requirements of human life are progressing rapidly and the existing computers and computational models are unable to meet the actual requirements due to their constraints. Many researchers have studied on computational models for improving its efficiency; quantum computational model has shown promising results. This paper discusses various topics related to quantum computation and quantum computers. Keywords: Quantum Computers, Classical Computers.
Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Science seem very promising and developing rapidly since its inception in early 1980s by Paul Benioff with the proposal of quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine and later By Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin for the proposal of a quantum computers for simulating various problems that classical computer could not. Quantum computers have a computational advantage for some problems, over classical computers and most applications are trying to use an efficient combination of classical and quantum computers like Shor’s factoring algorithm. Other areas that are expected to be benefitted from quantum computing are Machine Learning and deep learning, molecular biology, genomics and cancer research, space exploration, atomic and nuclear research and macro-economic forecasting. This paper represents a brief overview of the state of art of quantum computing and quantum information science with discussions of various theoretical and experimental aspects adopted by the researchers.
Since last years, computers reduce the human efforts and give improvement in its performance day by day.Quantum computers are those computers who perform computing which is based on the phenomenon called Quantum Mechanics.It is a fusion of classical computing which we were using now days, physics and mathematics.And the computing they performed by integrating these fields is termed as Quantum Computing.Quantum computers perform their computing on the basis of the microscopic particles like ions, photons, electrons, protons, neutrons etc which ultimately give exponentially high computation power and other advantages too like less consumption of electricity which we will discuss in the same paper in brief over the classical computers, which we were using till day.In this paper we will briefly explain the quantum computers, its history, its properties in which its computing is based upon, its advantages& disadvantages, its limitation, its real world application, the difference between classical computers and Quantum computers and the challenges it faced and at last we conclude it with its future scope.
Background/introduction: This study is to discover the nature of consciousness and/or universe. Methods: Comparing the nature to a Game of Life system. Results: Found that the universe and a Game of Life system has the similar mathematical nature. Conclusions: Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. A reality is a situation model. The universe is a self-driven objective state machine which evolves by itself automatically. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this situation. If we are happy to accept randomness, it’s obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation don’t exist objectively. Consciousness is actually the use of a mathematical model by a Turing machine (TM). A TM’s consciousness or decisions shouldn’t be able to alter/impact/change the fated world line of any elementary particle within this world. Except Schrodinger equation (or its counterpart) which is the only actual causality of the objective-reality, any other causality is only a (subjective) Granger causality.
A new paradigm of computation has appeared recently that is known as quantum computing and which is able to solve difficult problems that cannot be solved using classical computing.It provides a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts, computational models, architectures, tools, applications and implications of quantum computing.The paper is based on the latest research, and it's used to evaluate the state of quantum computing, from theory to practical, application-oriented implementations.Fundamental concepts such as qubits, superposition, entanglement and hybrid quantum-classical computation are explained, along with major models and frameworks of quantum computing, including Cirq, TensorFlow Quantum and ProjectQ.Furthermore, various significant application areas, such as cryptography, optimization, AI, drug discovery, and industrial computing, are explored, highlighting the applications' potential and their technological development.Although great strides have been made, scalability, noise, error correction, interoperability and hardware challenges are major problems in the NISQ era.It also examines new trends, future research directions and the societal, security and ethical considerations of the advancement of quantum technology.But the bigger picture indicates that quantum computing is progressing from theory to reality, and there are many technical and institutional challenges to be resolved along the way.Interdisciplinary studies and responsible innovation will be key to unlocking the potential of quantum computing as the next generation of computational technology.
Background/introduction This study is to discover the nature of the universe, consciousness and causality. Methods Comparing the universe to a Game of Life system. Results Found that the universe and a Game of Life system have the similar mathematical nature. Conclusions Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. A reality is a situation model. The universe is a self-driven objective parallel computing automaton which evolves by itself automatically – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this situation model. If we are happy to accept randomness, it’s obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation don’t exist objectively. Consciousness is actually the use of a mathematical model by a Turing machine (TM). A TM’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices shouldn’t be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the fated world line of any elementary particle within this world. Except Schrodinger equation (or its counterpart) which is the only actual causality of the objective-reality, any other causality is only a (subjective) Granger causality.
The powerful idea of computation has accompanied the development of human civilization, has deeply changed the way we live and work, and has accelerated the advancement of many areas of sciences. In this article, we explore the power and limits of computation from several different perspectives. We will discuss topics from the models of computation and Church-Turing thesis, to the impact of the P versus NP problem and quantum computing on our understanding of the limits of computation. More concretely, we will explore the computability and the halting problem, the efficiency problem of computation, the P versus NP problem. We then move on to the discussion of quantum computation, quantum algorithm for factoring and its implications, quantum simulation and the relation between quantum and classical computations.