IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Long-range Distribution of Multiphoton Entanglement

Monika E. Mycroft, Magdalena Stobińska, Adam Buraczewski, Stefanie Barz

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations

Abstract

We propose a long-distance quantum communication protocol based on multiphoton bipartite entanglement and photon-number-resolved detection, which shows remarkable robustness to high transmission losses and offers near-maximally entangled states in realistic implementations.

DOI: 10.1109/phosst.2019.8794867

Related papers

Efficient long-range distribution of multi-photon entanglement

Monika E. Mycroft, Thomas C. McDermott, Adam Buraczewski +2 more

We demonstrate a protocol to perform long-distance quantum communications. It is robust even to extremely high transmission losses. The entanglement can be verified by a loophole-free Bell test using the CHSH inequality. It is the perfect scheme to establish an Earth-to-space quantum channel.

IEEE Photonics ConferenceOct 1, 20210 citations

Proposal for the distribution of multiphoton entanglement with optimal rate-distance scaling

Monika E. Mycroft, Thomas C. McDermott, Adam Buraczewski +1 more

arXiv:1812.10935Physical Review AJan 10, 202311 citations

Multiphoton Entanglement Concentration and Quantum Cryptography

Gabriel A. Durkin, Christoph Simon, Dik Bouwmeester

Multiphoton states from parametric down-conversion can be entangled both in polarization and photon number. Maximal high-dimensional entanglement can be concentrated postselectively from these states via photon counting. This makes them natural candidates for quantum key distribution, where the presence of more than one photon per detection interval has up to now been considered undesirable. We propose a simple multiphoton cryptography protocol for the case of low losses.

arXiv:quant-ph/0109132Physical Review LettersApr 17, 200271 citations

Practical long-distance quantum communication using concatenated entanglement swapping

Aeysha Khalique, Wolfgang Tittel, Barry C. Sanders

arXiv:1305.3946Physical Review AAug 28, 201319 citations

Secure Quantum Channels Based on Multiphoton Entanglement

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, A. P. Grigorieva, Джадан Игорь Иванович

Abstract The potential for information transmission via quantum channels with multiphoton entanglement is considered. Protocols for quantum key distribution and direct information transmission are developed, with strict consideration of the sending and receiving times of messages, which helps to counteract a wide range of attacks.

Moscow University Physics BulletinJun 1, 20250 citations

Distributed Phase Sensing with Multiphoton States in Optical Interferometry

Subhrajit Modak, Danilo Triggiani, Cosmo Lupo

quant-pharXiv:2608.02977Aug 5, 20260 citations

IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Long-range Distribution of Multiphoton Entanglement

Monika E. Mycroft, Magdalena Stobińska, Adam Buraczewski, Stefanie Barz

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1109/phosst.2019.8794867

Related papers

Efficient long-range distribution of multi-photon entanglement

Monika E. Mycroft, Thomas C. McDermott, Adam Buraczewski +2 more

IEEE Photonics ConferenceOct 1, 20210 citations

Proposal for the distribution of multiphoton entanglement with optimal rate-distance scaling

Monika E. Mycroft, Thomas C. McDermott, Adam Buraczewski +1 more

We propose a protocol to perform long-range distribution of near-maximally entangled multiphoton states, allowing versatile applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum metrology which can provide alternatives to state-of-the-art protocols. Our scheme uses resources available within the current integrated quantum photonic technology: squeezed vacuum states and photon-number-resolving detectors. The distributed entanglement can be certified by Bell tests which have the potential to be loophole free, and may be directly used in well-established QKD protocols. Generally, this provides measurement-device-independent levels of security, which may be upgraded to fully device-independent security if the Bell test is loophole free. In both cases, the protocol is robust to extremely high transmission losses, matching the optimal $O(\sqrt{\ensuremath{\eta}})$ scaling of key rate with channel transmittance.We propose a protocol to perform long-range distribution of near-maximally entangled multiphoton states, allowing versatile applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum metrology which can provide alternatives to state-of-the-art protocols. Our scheme uses resources available within the current integrated quantum photonic technology: squeezed vacuum states and photon-number-resolving detectors. The distributed entanglement can be certified by Bell tests which have the potential to be loophole free, and may be directly used in well-established QKD protocols. Generally, this provides measurement-device-independent levels of security, which may be upgraded to fully device-independent security if the Bell test is loophole free. In both cases, the protocol is robust to extremely high transmission losses, matching the optimal $O(\sqrt{\ensuremath{\eta}})$ scaling of key rate with channel transmittance.

arXiv:1812.10935Physical Review AJan 10, 202311 citations

Multiphoton Entanglement Concentration and Quantum Cryptography

Gabriel A. Durkin, Christoph Simon, Dik Bouwmeester

arXiv:quant-ph/0109132Physical Review LettersApr 17, 200271 citations

Practical long-distance quantum communication using concatenated entanglement swapping

Aeysha Khalique, Wolfgang Tittel, Barry C. Sanders

We construct a theory for long-distance quantum communication based on sharing entanglement through a linear chain of $N$ elementary swapping segments of length $L=Nl$ where $l$ is the length of each elementary swap setup. Entanglement swapping is achieved by linear optics, photon counting, and postselection, and we include effects due to multiphoton sources, transmission loss, and detector inefficiencies and dark counts. Specifically we calculate the resultant four-mode state shared by the two parties at the two ends of the chain, and we derive the two-photon coincidence rate expected for this state and thereby the visibility of this long-range-entangled state. The expression is a nested sum with each sum extending from zero to infinite photons, and we solve the case $N=2$ exactly for the ideal case (zero dark counts, unit-efficiency detectors, and no transmission loss) and numerically for $N=2$ in the nonideal case with truncation at ${n}_{\mathrm{max}}=3$ photons in each mode. For the general case, we show that the computational complexity for the numerical solution is ${n}_{\mathrm{max}}^{12N}$ .We construct a theory for long-distance quantum communication based on sharing entanglement through a linear chain of $N$ elementary swapping segments of length $L=Nl$ where $l$ is the length of each elementary swap setup. Entanglement swapping is achieved by linear optics, photon counting, and postselection, and we include effects due to multiphoton sources, transmission loss, and detector inefficiencies and dark counts. Specifically we calculate the resultant four-mode state shared by the two parties at the two ends of the chain, and we derive the two-photon coincidence rate expected for this state and thereby the visibility of this long-range-entangled state. The expression is a nested sum with each sum extending from zero to infinite photons, and we solve the case $N=2$ exactly for the ideal case (zero dark counts, unit-efficiency detectors, and no transmission loss) and numerically for $N=2$ in the nonideal case with truncation at ${n}_{\mathrm{max}}=3$ photons in each mode. For the general case, we show that the computational complexity for the numerical solution is ${n}_{\mathrm{max}}^{12N}$.

arXiv:1305.3946Physical Review AAug 28, 201319 citations

Secure Quantum Channels Based on Multiphoton Entanglement

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, A. P. Grigorieva, Джадан Игорь Иванович

Moscow University Physics BulletinJun 1, 20250 citations

Distributed Phase Sensing with Multiphoton States in Optical Interferometry

Subhrajit Modak, Danilo Triggiani, Cosmo Lupo

We investigate interferometric phase-estimation using separable photon inputs that evolve into number-path entangled states through linear optical networks, followed by photon-number-resolving detection. A simple analytical expression for the classical Fisher information at zero phase is derived for arbitrary $N$ -photon states distributed across 2 $N$ optical modes, partitioned into phase-encoding and reference blocks. Among all possible photon distributions between these blocks, the balanced configuration maximizes the phase sensitivity for every photon number $N$ and uniquely exhibits a phase-independent response. The achievable sensitivity degrades monotonically with increasing asymmetry in the photon distribution. We further investigate the robustness of the protocol in the presence of realistic photon loss and extend the analysis to distributed architectures with multiple receivers. In the low photon-flux regime, vacuum fluctuations fundamentally limit local quadrature measurements, whereas nonlocal photon-number-resolving measurements exploit multiphoton interference to mitigate loss-induced sensitivity degradation. Together, these results establish a scalable framework for quantum-enhanced distributed multimode metrology.We investigate interferometric phase-estimation using separable photon inputs that evolve into number-path entangled states through linear optical networks, followed by photon-number-resolving detection. A simple analytical expression for the classical Fisher information at zero phase is derived for arbitrary $N$-photon states distributed across 2$N$ optical modes, partitioned into phase-encoding and reference blocks. Among all possible photon distributions between these blocks, the balanced configuration maximizes the phase sensitivity for every photon number $N$ and uniquely exhibits a phase-independent response. The achievable sensitivity degrades monotonically with increasing asymmetry in the photon distribution. We further investigate the robustness of the protocol in the presence of realistic photon loss and extend the analysis to distributed architectures with multiple receivers. In the low photon-flux regime, vacuum fluctuations fundamentally limit local quadrature measurements, whereas nonlocal photon-number-resolving measurements exploit multiphoton interference to mitigate loss-induced sensitivity degradation. Together, these results establish a scalable framework for quantum-enhanced distributed multimode metrology.

quant-pharXiv:2608.02977Aug 5, 20260 citations

We construct a theory for long-distance quantum communication based on sharing entanglement through a linear chain of

N

elementary swapping segments of length

L=Nl

where

l

is the length of each elementary swap setup. Entanglement swapping is achieved by linear optics, photon counting, and postselection, and we include effects due to multiphoton sources, transmission loss, and detector inefficiencies and dark counts. Specifically we calculate the resultant four-mode state shared by the two parties at the two ends of the chain, and we derive the two-photon coincidence rate expected for this state and thereby the visibility of this long-range-entangled state. The expression is a nested sum with each sum extending from zero to infinite photons, and we solve the case

N=2

exactly for the ideal case (zero dark counts, unit-efficiency detectors, and no transmission loss) and numerically for

N=2

in the nonideal case with truncation at

{n}_{\mathrm{max}}=3

photons in each mode. For the general case, we show that the computational complexity for the numerical solution is

{n}_{\mathrm{max}}^{12N}

N

-photon states distributed across 2

N

optical modes, partitioned into phase-encoding and reference blocks. Among all possible photon distributions between these blocks, the balanced configuration maximizes the phase sensitivity for every photon number

N

and uniquely exhibits a phase-independent response. The achievable sensitivity degrades monotonically with increasing asymmetry in the photon distribution. We further investigate the robustness of the protocol in the presence of realistic photon loss and extend the analysis to distributed architectures with multiple receivers. In the low photon-flux regime, vacuum fluctuations fundamentally limit local quadrature measurements, whereas nonlocal photon-number-resolving measurements exploit multiphoton interference to mitigate loss-induced sensitivity degradation. Together, these results establish a scalable framework for quantum-enhanced distributed multimode metrology.