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School Science Journal

Measurements and analysis of both single slit diffraction and double-slit interference patterns by using a DSLR camera

Kim Sang Nyeon

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.15737/ssj.9.2.201507.113

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Full text: We present two experiments on single- and two-particle interference. In the single-photon interference experiment, photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) source are send through a double slit. An interference pattern is built up frame by frame from shots obtained with an EMCCD camera behind the slit. Each frame contains on average less than one photon, thus demonstrating true single-photon sensitivity of the camera. The build-up of the interference pattern nicely demonstrates the concept of wave-particle duality. In a next step, we describe the Heisenberg's lens experiment and present the conditions required to analyse and investigate the spatial correlations of momentum entangled photons produced by SPDC. The occurrence of double-slit interference now depends on the experimental arrangement for the second photon of the pair, for example: interference can only occur if the second photon is also passing a double slit. We present an analysis of such a double-double-slit experiment. (author)

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Young’s double slit experiment was called as "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, we perform the non-crossing-slit-experiments and crossing-slit experiments and show phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns gradually evolve to the interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit or cross single slit experiments, the non-diffraction patterns gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns; (3) in the same two-non-parallel-slits experiment, the non-wave patterns gradually evolve to the hybrid pattern (i.e., interference-pattern-embedded-in-diffraction-pattern); (4) in the same curved-double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns evolve to Seashell-shape interference patterns. The above phenomena show new mysteries that are more mysterious than that of the double slit experiments: it is challenge to consistently explain how they work. Those novel phenomena indicate that the standard theories of the double slit are incomplete. Novel experiments bring the search for the new theory of physical/quantum optics.

•Mar 15, 2024•0 citations
Commercially available cameras do not have a low-enough dark noise to directly capture double-slit interference at the single photon level. In this work, camera noise levels are significantly reduced by activating the camera only when the presence of a photon has been detected by the independent detection of a time-correlated photon produced via parametric down-conversion. This triggering scheme provides the improvement required for direct video imaging of Young's double-slit experiment with single photons, allowing clarified versions of this foundational demonstration. We present video data of the evolving interference patterns. Also, we introduce variations on this experiment aimed at promoting discussion of the role spatial coherence plays in such a measurement, emphasizing complementary aspects of single-photon measurement and highlighting the roles of transverse position and momentum correlations between down-converted photons, including examples of “ghost” imaging and diffraction.
Full text: We present two experiments on single- and two-particle interference. In the single-photon interference experiment, photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) source are send through a double slit. An interference pattern is built up frame by frame from shots obtained with an EMCCD camera behind the slit. Each frame contains on average less than one photon, thus demonstrating true single-photon sensitivity of the camera. The build-up of the interference pattern nicely demonstrates the concept of wave-particle duality. In a next step, we describe the Heisenberg's lens experiment and present the conditions required to analyse and investigate the spatial correlations of momentum entangled photons produced by SPDC. The occurrence of double-slit interference now depends on the experimental arrangement for the second photon of the pair, for example: interference can only occur if the second photon is also passing a double slit. We present an analysis of such a double-double-slit experiment. (author)
Young’s double slit experiment was called as "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, we perform the non-crossing-slit-experiments and crossing-slit experiments and show phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns gradually evolve to the interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit or cross single slit experiments, the non-diffraction patterns gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns; (3) in the same two-non-parallel-slits experiment, the non-wave patterns gradually evolve to the hybrid pattern (i.e., interference-pattern-embedded-in-diffraction-pattern); (4) in the same curved-double slit experiments, the non-interference patterns evolve to Seashell-shape interference patterns. The above phenomena show new mysteries that are more mysterious than that of the double slit experiments: it is challenge to consistently explain how they work. Those novel phenomena indicate that the standard theories of the double slit are incomplete. Novel experiments bring the search for the new theory of physical/quantum optics.