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Trends in logic

Quantum Information in the Foundational and Philosophical Debates About Quantum Theory

María Luisa Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini, Roberto Leporini, Giuseppe Sergioli

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-04471-8_9

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Quantum entanglement, the phenomenon whereby two or more quantum systems exhibit correlations that cannot be explained by any local hidden-variable theory, has evolved from a philosophical curiosity debated by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935 into the foundational resource of an emerging technological revolution. This narrative review traces the conceptual development of entanglement from the EPR paradox through Bell's theorem, the experimental violation of Bell inequalities, and the emergence of quantum information science as a unifying framework. Drawing on the original EPR argument, Bell's seminal 1964 theorem, the experimental work of Aspect et al., the quantum information synthesis of Nielsen and Chuang, the review of entanglement theory by Horodecki et al., and the foundational perspectives of Brukner and Zeilinger, the review covers the mathematical characterization of entanglement, its role in quantum computation and quantum cryptography, and the ongoing debate about the interpretation of quantum mechanics that entanglement continues to fuel.

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Recent work in quantum information science has produced a revolution in our understanding of quantum entanglement. Scientists now view entanglement as a physical resource with many important applications. These range from quantum computers, which would be able to compute exponentially faster than classical computers, to quantum cryptographic techniques, which could provide unbreakable codes for the transfer of secret information over public channels. These important advances in the study of quantum entanglement and information touch on deep foundational issues in both physics and philosophy. This interdisciplinary volume brings together fourteen of the world's leading physicists and philosophers of physics to address the most important developments and debates in this exciting area of research. It offers a broad spectrum of approaches to resolving deep foundational challenges - philosophical, mathematical, and physical - raised by quantum information, quantum processing, and entanglement. This book is ideal for historians, philosophers of science and physicists.

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Quantum entanglement, the phenomenon whereby two or more quantum systems exhibit correlations that cannot be explained by any local hidden-variable theory, has evolved from a philosophical curiosity debated by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935 into the foundational resource of an emerging technological revolution. This narrative review traces the conceptual development of entanglement from the EPR paradox through Bell's theorem, the experimental violation of Bell inequalities, and the emergence of quantum information science as a unifying framework. Drawing on the original EPR argument, Bell's seminal 1964 theorem, the experimental work of Aspect et al., the quantum information synthesis of Nielsen and Chuang, the review of entanglement theory by Horodecki et al., and the foundational perspectives of Brukner and Zeilinger, the review covers the mathematical characterization of entanglement, its role in quantum computation and quantum cryptography, and the ongoing debate about the interpretation of quantum mechanics that entanglement continues to fuel.
Quantum mechanics approaches its centenary with an impressive record. It became the backbone of most research in physics, led to applications such as the transistor and laser, and prompted an upheaval in the philosophy of science. Its scope and its precision have been constantly growing, and it is now promising more powerful computers and safer cryptography. This century of conquests has also been a time of ongoing debates about the foundations and interpretation of the theory, which has been referred to as the quantum controversy. The controversy has been unusually long and remains open. Jammer called it “a story without an ending” and Laloë described this coexistence of successes and doubts with the metaphor of the colossus with feet of clay. This Handbook is a survey on this history. Some of the so-called “interpretations” are not interpretations of a fixed formalism, they are different theories, thus it has been a debate about the interpretations and the foundations of quantum mechanics. In this volume, the “history of interpretations” is used for the sake of brevity. The successive parts of the Handbook deal with the scientific and philosophical issues under debate, historical landmarks, places and contexts, historical and philosophical theses, and the proliferation of interpretations. This Handbook may serve those interested in the history of quantum mechanics and those who are engaged with, or attracted by current research on quantum information, as it may give them a flavor of the history that led to or lay the groundwork for the current investigations.
Recent work in quantum information science has produced a revolution in our understanding of quantum entanglement. Scientists now view entanglement as a physical resource with many important applications. These range from quantum computers, which would be able to compute exponentially faster than classical computers, to quantum cryptographic techniques, which could provide unbreakable codes for the transfer of secret information over public channels. These important advances in the study of quantum entanglement and information touch on deep foundational issues in both physics and philosophy. This interdisciplinary volume brings together fourteen of the world's leading physicists and philosophers of physics to address the most important developments and debates in this exciting area of research. It offers a broad spectrum of approaches to resolving deep foundational challenges - philosophical, mathematical, and physical - raised by quantum information, quantum processing, and entanglement. This book is ideal for historians, philosophers of science and physicists.