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Fiber Optic Sensing and Optical Communication

Research on quantum communication multi-dimensional modulation system in atmospheric turbulence

Yu Zhu, Lei Shi, Jiahua Wei, Qiuli Zhu, Ru Yang, Guhao Zhao

Published Dec 12, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A free space quantum communication multi-dimensional modulation system based on pulse position modulation and polarization encoding is put forward and designed and is used to send quantum information and classical information simultaneously. Atmospheric channel model and coexistence system model is built. We perform a simulation experiment for transmitting signal in atmospheric, using Optisystem and Matlab together. The binary sequence before modulation and that after demodulation are compared and analyzed. The error bit rate, eye diagram and quality factor of classical optical date are obtained. Stabilities of classical optical signal during the transmission are tested. The results show that this multi-dimensional modulation system can decrease the numbers of information channels needed and reduce the demands for power load and systematic complexity in communication terminals. The proposed quantum communication system is confirmed to be effective and applicable.

DOI
10.1117/12.2502129

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A free space quantum communication multi-dimensional modulation system based on pulse position modulation and polarization encoding is put forward and designed and is used to send quantum information and classical information simultaneously. Atmospheric channel model and coexistence system model is built. We perform a simulation experiment for transmitting signal in atmospheric, using Optisystem and Matlab together. The binary sequence before modulation and that after demodulation are compared and analyzed. The error bit rate, eye diagram and quality factor of classical optical date are obtained. Stabilities of classical optical signal during the transmission are tested. The results show that this multi-dimensional modulation system can decrease the numbers of information channels needed and reduce the demands for power load and systematic complexity in communication terminals. The proposed quantum communication system is confirmed to be effective and applicable.
A multi-dimensional modulation scheme in inter-satellite quantum communication based on pulse position modulation and polarization encoding is put forward and designed. By this way we can send additional classical signal simultaneously when transmitting quantum signal. The basic principle of multi-dimensional modulation scheme is introduced. Simulation experiment is performed using Optisystem and Matlab simultaneously. The binary sequence before modulation and that after demodulation are compared and analyzed. The error bit rate, eye diagram and quality factor of classical optical date are obtained. Stabilities of classical optical signal during the transmission are tested. The results show that this multi-dimensional modulation scheme can decrease the numbers of information channels needed, increase information transmission efficiency and reduce the demands for power load systematic complexity in communication terminals. The proposed coexistence system is confirmed to be effective and applicable.
Quantum communication is a frontier hotspot of current research, and it has ideal information security. In order to enable quantum systems in arid and desertified areas to work almost under all-weather condition, it is necessary to study the attenuation of free-space quantum signal transmission and the influence of the turbulence atmosphere carrying sand and dust on communication performance. Using Mie scattering theory, multiple scattering simulation method, and atmospheric turbulence theory, the attenuation of optical wave transmission in sand and dust turbulent atmospheric channels with different visibility, and the influence of multiple scattering and turbulence on attenuation are studied. The results show that the effect of multiple scattering increases with the decrease of visibility, the turbulence effect gradually strengthens with the increase of distance. According to the quantum amplitude damped channel model, the effects of multiple scattering and turbulence in the sand and dust turbulent atmosphere with different visibility on the quantum channel capacity, fidelity and bit error rate are analyzed. The results show that as the visibility decreases, the multiple scattering effect increases, resulting in the decrease of attenuation and bit error rate, but an increase in channel capacity, fidelity and the boundaries of security key rate. The existence of turbulence in the dust atmosphere will increase the attenuation and bit error rate, but reduce the channel capacity, fidelity and security key rate. It can be seen that the influence of multiple scattering and turbulence on the communication performance, when the visibility of the sand and dust atmosphere are both low, cannot be ignored. In practical applications, the relevant parameters of quantum communication should be adaptively adjusted according to the visibility and turbulence intensity to improve the probability, efficiency and reliability of quantum communication.
Subject of study. This study examined the applicability of quantum key distribution (QKD) technology under free-space atmospheric conditions. Aim of study. The objective was the development of a hardware and software system for investigating the applicability of QKD technology in wireless communication systems based on commercially available modules. The system includes optical blocks for atmospheric optical communication and a training setup for studying QKD in fiber-optic communication lines. Method. The characteristics of a quantum communication channel in free-space conditions were studied through experiments. The channel was formed by the QKD units of the EMQOS 1.0 scientific and educational complex, integrated with optical blocks for atmospheric optical communication. The systems were also upgraded to minimize losses in the quantum channel. Main results. A hardware and software system was developed, within which the transmission of a quantum key through free-space atmospheric conditions over a distance of 180 m was successfully demonstrated. The quantum bit error rate did not exceed 6%. This system enabled the study of the effects of weather conditions on optical losses in the quantum communication channel and the quantum key generation rate. Practical significance. The developed hardware and software system allows the monitoring of the parameters of both classical and quantum communication channels in free space under various weather conditions. Its modular structure enables the integration of other quantum equipment for comparative testing of the performance of quantum communication systems under real atmospheric transmission conditions.
The effect of atmospheric turbulent environment on the performance of free-space quantum communication is analysed. Based on the existing mathematical model of atmospheric turbulent fluid motion, the three most influential physical factors, i.e. wind speed, temperature and humidity, are abstracted out and simulated to study the variation of quantum channel utilisation, quantum channel entanglement, channel capacity and fidelity in amplitude damped channels under the atmospheric turbulent environment parameters. After a comprehensive analysis of the simulation results, it can be preliminarily judged that an increase in all three physical factors will increase the intensity of atmospheric turbulence and reduce the performance of quantum communication, and the magnitude of the influence is: temperature > wind speed > humidity. Therefore, corresponding adjustment strategies should be adopted to improve the communication performance of quantum communication and ensure the reliability of communication.
Secure data transmission is essential in today's world, and quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely recognized as the technology of choice to enable information-theoretical secure symmetric key generation. While optical fibers are typically used as a transmission channel, wireless transmission offers the flexibility to reach every part of the Earth; moreover, for Earth-Satellite QKD, wireless communication naturally becomes a necessity. In this study, we deployed a fiber-wireless optical system that transmitted a 64-QAM 400 Gbps classical signal for high-rate data exchange and a 1 MHz quantum signal for QKD. The impact of turbulence in the quantum system is evaluated by transmitting single-polarization quantum states through a turbulent free-space channel and by calculating the respective intrinsic quantum bit error rate (QBER). From this, we estimate the system's secret key rate (SKR) and its dependence on turbulence. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the optical wireless signal were emulated and investigated by using a custom-made atmospheric chamber to induce different turbulent scenarios. The atmospheric chamber allowed us to vary the turbulence in a Rytov variance range from 0.06 to 2.52. The classical signal showed an overall average reliability of 82% for the mentioned turbulence regimes. The results of the quantum signal showed that for Rytov variances up to 1.3, and under the conditions tested, secret key generation is possible, reaching a maximum SKR of 8.7×10−4\mathbf {\times 10^{-4}}×10−4bits per pulse during the produced turbulence regimes.
This letter presents the performance analysis of classical data transmission over a quantum channel in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. To transmit classical data, quantum coherent states are modulated over a log-normal turbulent channel for satellite-to-ground applications. The expression for the number of photons in the turbulent coherent state is approximated. Performance analysis is done in terms of error probability, channel capacity, and quantum bit error rate (QBER). The simulation results are presented using the Monte-Carlo simulation method. Numerical results show that the error performance improves with increasing the number of signal photons. However, for turbulence strength greater than 0.8, QBER increases more rapidly with a higher number of signal photons. Hence, a trade-off is essential between an achievable QBER and the number of signal photons.