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Springer tracts in modern physics

Parity-Time-Symmetric Optical Lattices in Atomic Configurations

Zhaoyang Zhang, Yiqi Zhang, Jiteng Sheng, Jiteng Sheng, Yanpeng Zhang, Min Xiao

Published Jan 1, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-13-1247-2_8

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Abstract Since the periodic parity‐time (PT)‐symmetric potential can possess unique properties compared to a single PT cell (with only two coupled components), various schemes have been proposed to realize PT symmetry in optical lattices. Here, a PT‐symmetric optical lattice is experimentally constructed with simultaneous gain and loss in an atomic medium. The gain and loss arrays are created in the four‐level N‐type configurations excited by spatially alternating strong and weak pump fields, respectively, which do not require discrete diffractions and can be realized more easily with more relaxed operating conditions. Also, the gain and loss coefficients can be modified independently. The dynamical behaviors of the system are investigated by measuring the phase difference between two adjacent gain and loss channels. The demonstrated PT‐symmetric lattice with easy accessibility and better tunability shows obvious advantages in exploiting more peculiar properties and great improvements in practical applications of periodic PT‐symmetric potentials.
In optical parity-time symmetry, the electric permittivity of an electromagnetic structure should have a real part, which is an even function of spatial coordinates, and an imaginary part, which is an odd function of coordinates. Since a Vee- and a Lambda-configuration three-level atomic vapor can be driven by both control and probe beams, and can exhibit both frequency-sensitive and field-controlling optical responses, the dielectric “constants” of these two atomic vapors can be tuned by manipulating the applied external control fields. The requirement for realizing optical parity-time symmetry can be fulfilled in quantum-coherent multilevel atomic vapors. A design based on Vee- and Lambda-configuration three-level atomic vapors for achieving optical parity-time symmetric interface is suggested in this paper. Under certain parameter conditions, an optical parity-time symmetric interface can possibly be fabricated in the present scenario of quantum-coherent multilevel atomic vapors.