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Autonomous Quantum State Transfer by Dissipation

Chen Wang, Jeffery M. Gertler

Published Sep 10, 2018• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum state transfer from an information-carrying qubit to a receiving qubit is ubiquitous for quantum information technology. In a closed quantum system, this task requires precisely-timed control of coherent qubit-qubit interactions that are intrinsically reciprocal. Here, breaking reciprocity by dissipation in an open system, we show that it is possible to autonomously transfer a quantum state between stationary qubits without time-dependent control. The minimum system dimension for transferring one qubit of information is 3$\times$2 (between one physical qutrit and one physical qubit), plus one auxiliary reservoir. We propose realistic implementations in superconducting circuit QED using non-linear couplings between transmon and cavity modes, and also propose transfer schemes requiring only bilinear couplings between multiple two-level atoms.

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Quantum state transfer from an information-carrying qubit to a receiving qubit is ubiquitous for quantum information technology. In a closed quantum system, this task requires precisely-timed control of coherent qubit-qubit interactions that are intrinsically reciprocal. Here, breaking reciprocity by dissipation in an open system, we show that it is possible to autonomously transfer a quantum state between stationary qubits without time-dependent control. The minimum system dimension for transferring one qubit of information is 3×\times×2 (between one physical qutrit and one physical qubit), plus one auxiliary reservoir. We propose realistic implementations in superconducting circuit QED using non-linear couplings between transmon and cavity modes, and also propose transfer schemes requiring only bilinear couplings between multiple two-level atoms.
Quantum state transfer from an information-carrying qubit to a receiving qubit is ubiquitous for quantum information technology. In a closed quantum system, this task requires precisely-timed control of coherent qubit-qubit interactions that are intrinsically reciprocal. Here, breaking reciprocity by tailoring dissipation in an open system, we show that it is possible to autonomously transfer a quantum state between stationary qubits without time-dependent control. We present the general requirements for this directional transfer process, and show that the minimum system dimension for transferring one qubit of information is 3 ×\times× 2 (between one physical qutrit and one physical qubit), plus one auxiliary reservoir. We propose realistic implementations in present-day superconducting circuit QED experiments, and further propose schemes compatible with long-distance state transfer using impedance-matched dissipation engineering.
Quantum reservoir engineering is a powerful framework for autonomous quantum state preparation and error correction. However, traditional approaches to reservoir engineering are hindered by unavoidable coherent leakage out of the target state, which imposes an inherent trade off between achievable steady-state state fidelity and stabilization rate. In this work we demonstrate a protocol that achieves trade off-free Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system realized on a circuit-QED platform. We accomplish this by creating a purely dissipative channel for population transfer into the target state, mediated by strong parametric interactions coupling the second-excited state of a superconducting transmon and the engineered bath resonator. Our scheme achieves a state preparation fidelity of 84% with a stabilization time constant of 339 ns, leading to a 54 ns error-time product in a solid-state quantum information platform.
Transferring entangled states between matter qubits and microwave-field (or optical-field) qubits is of fundamental interest in quantum mechanics and necessary in hybrid quantum information processing and quantum communication. We here propose a way for transferring entangled states between superconducting qubits (matter qubits) and microwave-field qubits. This proposal is realized by a system consisting of multiple superconducting qutrits and microwave cavities. Here, “qutrit” refers to a three-level quantum system with the two lowest levels encoding a qubit while the third level acting as an auxiliary state. In contrast, the microwave-field qubits are encoded with coherent states of microwave cavities. Because the third energy level of each qutrit is not populated during the operation, decoherence from the higher energy levels is greatly suppressed. The entangled states can be deterministically transferred because measurement on the states is not needed. The operation time is independent of the number of superconducting qubits or microwave-field qubits. In addition, the architecture of the circuit system is quite simple because only a coupler qutrit and an auxiliary cavity are required. As an example, our numerical simulations show that high-fidelity transfer of entangled states from two superconducting qubits to two microwave-field qubits is feasible with present circuit QED technology. This proposal is quite general and can be extended to transfer entangled states between other matter qubits (e.g., atoms, quantum dots, and NV centers) and microwave- or optical-field qubits encoded with coherent states.
Quantum state transfer plays an important role in quantum information processing, and it has been obtained many of the theoretical and experimental triumphs. But designing a dissipation-assisted scheme to transfer a quantum state is still by no means trivial. Here we put forward an easier scheme to dissipatively transfer an arbitrary quantum state from a sender to a receiver with two four-level atoms and three lasers in a lossy coupled-cavity array, and make the quantum state stable at the receiver via the photon loss of optical cavities. Owing to the assistance of the dissipation, the target state becomes the steady state of the whole process. Thus there is no requirement on external time-dependent controls. Furthermore, the atomic spontaneous emission can be significantly suppressed as the adiabatic elimination of the excited states. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this scheme with the current experimental technologies and a high fidelity of the transferred state in the receiver can be above 98%.
The controlled transfer of quantum entangled states is a fascinating topic in quantum physics, and has potential applications in fields such as quantum network communication, distributed quantum information processing, and development of quantum functional devices. This study focuses on a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, comprising an input port, two output ports, and a quantum switch. The input port or each output port contains n microwave cavities. The switch is a superconducting transmon qutrit (three-level quantum system). The vacuum and single-photon states in each cavity encode a photonic qubit. We demonstrate that the single-excitation symmetric (SES) entangled state of n photonic qubits can be transferred from the n cavities at the input port to the n cavities at either of the two output ports, controlled by the switch. Remarkably, the operational time decreases as the number n increases. The only use of qutrit-cavity resonant interaction enables rapid quantum state transfer while effectively suppressing system decoherence. This proposal can be used to achieve the controlled transfer of both Bell states and W states of photonic qubits via a quantum switch. To validate the experimental feasibility, we numerically simulate two scenarios: (i) transferring the Bell state of two photonic qubits, and (ii) transferring the W state of three photonic qubits. This proposal may be extended to accomplish the same task in other physical systems, where the switch is implemented with a three-level artificial atom of different types while each cavity is a microwave or optical cavity.