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The adiabatic invariant of any harmonic oscillator : an unexpected application of Glauber's formalism

Martin Devaud, Valentin Leroy, J.-C. Bacri, Thierry Hocquet

Published Dec 14, 2007• 1 citation
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Abstract

Abstract. In this theoretical paper, we propose a general derivation of the adiabatic invariant of the n-degree-of-freedom harmonic oscillator, available whichever the physical nature of the oscillator and of the parametrical excitation it undergoes. This derivation is founded on the use of the classical Glauber variables and ends up with this simplest result: the oscillator’s adiabatic invariant is just the sum of all the semiclassical quanta numbers associated with its different eigenmodes. PACS numbers: 45.20.-d, 45.20.Jj, 45.05.+x 1.

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Abstract. In this theoretical paper, we propose a general derivation of the adiabatic invariant of the n-degree-of-freedom harmonic oscillator, available whichever the physical nature of the oscillator and of the parametrical excitation it undergoes. This derivation is founded on the use of the classical Glauber variables and ends up with this simplest result: the oscillator’s adiabatic invariant is just the sum of all the semiclassical quanta numbers associated with its different eigenmodes. PACS numbers: 45.20.-d, 45.20.Jj, 45.05.+x 1.
Stemming from the similar linearities of the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics on the one hand and of the harmonic oscillations in classical mechanics on the other hand, the idea that any N-degree-of-freedom harmonic oscillator (HON) is formally equivalent to a N-level quantum system is put forward. It is shown that the complex dynamic variables α introduced by R. J. Glauber can be regarded as the components of a state vector belonging to some N-dimension complex Hilbert space, and whose time-evolution is ruled by a Schrödinger-like equation. In case the classical HON is parametrically excited, the unitarity of the time-evolution of the associated quantum system is related to the Ehrenfest adiabaticity of the parametric excitation.
In this paper we use the algebraic and the invariant method to study the time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator from classical and quantum points of view. The solution of the classical equation of motion and the wavefunction solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are found explicitly. We show that the original time-dependent quantum-mechanical problem is completely related to the well known time-independent harmonic oscillator. In addition, we elucidate the intimate connection between the damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) and the generalized harmonic oscillator (GHO). More importantly, the evolution of the states of the DHO cannot be cyclic, in contradistinction with the states of the GHO. Explicit expressions for both the dynamical and the geometric angles and phases are deduced in the adiabatic limit. The coherent states describing the invariant-angle variables of the classical DHO are constructed; they allow us to recover the classical evolution and invariant from the quantum evolution.
Abstract A system of a quantum harmonic oscillator bi-linearly coupled with a Glauber amplifier is analysed considering a time-dependent Hamiltonian model. The Hilbert space of this system may be exactly subdivided into invariant finite dimensional subspaces. Resorting to the Jordan–Schwinger map, the dynamical problem within each invariant subspace may be traced back to an effective SU(2) Hamiltonian model expressed in terms of spin variables only. This circumstance allows to analytically solve the dynamical problem and thus to study the exact dynamics of the oscillator-amplifier system under specific time-dependent scenarios. Peculiar physical effects are brought to light by comparing the dynamics of such a system with that of two interacting standard oscillators.
An exact invariant operator of time-dependent coupled oscillators is derived using the Liouville-von Neumann equation. The unitary relation between this invariant and the invariant of two uncoupled simple harmonic oscillators is represented. If we consider the fact that quantum solutions of the simple harmonic oscillator is well-known, this unitary relation is very useful in clarifying quantum characteristics of the original systems, such as entanglement, probability densities, fluctuations of the canonical variables, and decoherence. We can identify such quantum characteristics by inversely transforming the mathematical representations of quantum quantities belonging to the simple harmonic oscillators. As a case in point, the eigenfunctions of the invariant operator in the original systems are found through inverse transformation of the well-known eigenfunctions associated with the simple harmonic oscillators.