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Physical Review A

High-order harmonic generation with controllable temporal coherence generated from a coherently excited medium

Itai Hadas, Liran Hareli, Alon Bahabad

Published Nov 16, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High harmonic generation has been considered for many years to be a coherent source of upconverted laser radiation. We propose a method for the generation of essentially incoherent high harmonic generation with a controlled degree of temporal coherence, obeying random-walk statistics. This is achieved by a unique combination of single-atom and macroscopic effects involving preparation of the medium in an excited state with coordinate-dependent population inversion and using an intense off-resonant and phase-mismatched pumping.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.053425

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High harmonic generation has been considered for many years to be a coherent source of upconverted laser radiation. We propose a method for the generation of essentially incoherent high harmonic generation with a controlled degree of temporal coherence, obeying random-walk statistics. This is achieved by a unique combination of single-atom and macroscopic effects involving preparation of the medium in an excited state with coordinate-dependent population inversion and using an intense off-resonant and phase-mismatched pumping.
We propose a paradigm for macroscopic control of high-order harmonic generation by modulating the bound-state population of the medium atoms. A unique result of this scheme is that apart from regular spatial quasi-phase-matching (QPM), also purely temporal QPM of the emitted radiation can be established. Our simulations demonstrate temporal QPM by inducing homogenous Rabi oscillations in the medium and also spatial QPM by creating a grating of population inversion using the process of rapid adiabatic passage. In the simulations a scaled version of high-order harmonic generation is used: a far off-resonance 2.6 μm source generates UV-visible high-order harmonics from alkali-metal-atom vapor, while a resonant near IR source is used to coherently control the medium.
In this paper we have studied the possibility to reach an efficient frequency up-conversion by using two incoherent pumping fields. At the same time, the noise of the generated field is not high, because the generation does not depend on the frequency overlapping, or the phase mismatching of the three involved fields. In this case the system acts as a laser without population inversion. Another advantage of this up-conversion mechanism is the generation of coherent radiation by using incoherent pumping fields. Consequently, the proposed up-conversion mechanism is not limited in frequency by the available coherent radiation for pumping fields. Higher frequency coherent radiation than that obtained up to now could be generated.
We propose and analyze a scheme for adiabatic creation of maximum coherence of 0.5 with a controllable phase between a ground state and the excited state in a model Λ-structured atom using two short laser pulses. One of the pulses has constant carrier frequency quasi-resonant with transition between an initially empty ground and the excite states. The frequency of the second pulse is swept through the resonance with the adjacent transition between the initially populated ground state and the common excited state of the atom. We demonstrate high degree of robustness of the scheme against variation of parameters of the laser radiation in relatively broad region of values. The proposed scheme may find practical applications in the field of multi-photon ionization, high-order harmonics and Raman sideband generation, as well as in nonlinear wave mixing in coherently prepared media.
The interaction of matter with a quantized electromagnetic mode is considered. Representing a strong exciting field, the mode is assumed to contain a large number of photons. As a result, the material response is highly nonlinear: the completely quantized description results in generation of high harmonics. In order to understand the essence of the physical processes that are involved, we consider a finite dimensional model for the material system. Using an appropriate description in phase space, this approach leads to a transparent picture showing that the interaction splits the initial, exciting coherent state into parts, and the rapid change of the populations of these parts (that are coherent states themselves) results in the generation of high-order harmonics as secondary radiation. The method we use is an application of the discrete lattice of coherent states that was introduced by von Neumann.
The phase relationship between an induced atomic dipole moment and a driving laser field is an essential aspect of high harmonic generation (HHG) in a dense medium. A ``phase-matching'' criterion must be fulfilled to obtain coherent amplification of harmonic radiation, which is critical for practical HHG. We have performed numerical calculations on model atoms to survey the intensity dependence of the phase in the case of strong one- or two-frequency laser fields. The calculations show that multiphoton resonances significantly affect the yield of harmonic generation and that in the ``plateau'' regime, the phases exhibit only weak dependence upon the intensity of the driving field. \textcopyright{}1996 The American Physical Society.