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A tunable quantum optical filter using the Fano effect in a waveguide

Andrew P. Foster, D. Hallett, Ivan V. Iorsh, Sarah Sheldon, Max Godsland, Benjamin Royall, Edmund Clarke, Ivan Andreevich Shelykh, A. M. Fox, Maurice S. Skolnick, I. E. Itskevich, Luke R. Wilson

Published Nov 21, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) coupled to a nano-photonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched, or antibunched non-classical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of non-classical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the QD. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.

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A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) coupled to a nano-photonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched, or antibunched non-classical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of non-classical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the QD. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, experimentally demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched or an antibunched nonclassical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of nonclassical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the quantum dot. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
The generation of indistinguishable single photons and control of photon-photon interactions are key requirements for photonic quantum networks. Nano-photonic waveguide-based architectures, in which few-level solid state systems provide both single photon generation and the nonlinearity through which two or more photons interact, offer a scalable route to such networks. However, it is a challenge to maintain the optical quality of the embedded photon sources whilst also providing fine-tuning of the emission frequency and optical nonlinearity in a waveguide geometry. We demonstrate a tunable solid-state platform for scalable photonic quantum networks which allows local electrical control of both single photon generation and optical nonlinearity at the single photon level. Electrical tuning and switching of coherent photon scattering from a quantum dot embedded in a nano-photonic waveguide is demonstrated, with a transmission extinction as large as 40±2% measured on resonance. Observation of a clear, voltage-controlled bunching signal in the photon statistics of the transmitted light demonstrates the single photon character of the nonlinearity. The deterministic nature of the nonlinearity is particularly attractive for the future realization of photonic gates for scalable nano-photonic waveguide-based quantum information processing.
Quantum photonics is a rapidly developing platform for future quantum network applications. Waveguide-based architectures, in which embedded quantum emitters act as both nonlinear elements to mediate photon–photon interactions and as highly coherent single-photon sources, offer a highly promising route to realize such networks. A key requirement for the scale-up of the waveguide architecture is local control and tunability of individual quantum emitters. Here, we demonstrate electrical control, tuning, and switching of the nonlinear photon–photon interaction arising due to a quantum dot embedded in a single-mode nano-photonic waveguide. A power-dependent waveguide transmission extinction as large as 40±2% is observed on resonance. Photon statistics measurements show clear, voltage-controlled bunching of the transmitted light and antibunching of the reflected light, demonstrating the single-photon, quantum character of the nonlinearity. Importantly, the same architecture is also shown to act as a source of highly coherent, electrically tunable single photons. Overall, the platform presented addresses the essential requirements for the implementation of photonic gates for scalable nano-photonic-based quantum information processing.
We study theoretically the quantum optical properties of hybrid molecules composed of an individual quantum dot and a metallic nanoparticle. We calculate the resonance fluorescence of this composite system. Its incoherent part, arising from nonlinear quantum processes, is enhanced by more than 2 orders of magnitude as compared to that of the dot alone. The coupling between the two systems gives rise to a Fano interference effect which strongly influences the quantum statistical properties of the scattered photons: a small frequency shift of the incident light field may cause changes in the intensity correlation function of the scattered field of orders of magnitude. The system opens a good perspective for applications in active metamaterials and ultracompact single-photon devices.
Deterministic generation and manipulation of nonclassical light are the central goals of quantum photonics. Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with atomic arrays enable strong photon–photon interactions via collective effects. Recently, giant atoms with multiple coupling points have opened new avenues for engineering photon correlations. In particular, the braided configuration offers unique features; however, most studies on quantum nonlinearity are limited to two atoms. Here, we extend the investigation to arrays of more braided giant atoms and uncover two distinct regimes controlled by phase parameters. One regime corresponds to Lorentzian resonances in the single-excitation subspace, where the system behaves as an effective two-level model at resonance, producing bunched transmitted light and antibunched reflected light. The two-excitation nonlinearity is weaker and tends to bunch photons, and at triple resonance the system loses tunability. The second regime corresponds to the Fano resonance arising from the spectral coalescence of the collective modes. In this regime, we achieve near-unity transmission with strong photon antibunching in transmission, and significant photon bunching in reflection. Our results establish braided giant-atom arrays as a scalable, cavity-free platform for engineering nonclassical photon correlations.
Local control of the generation and interaction of indistinguishable single photons is a key requirement for photonic quantum networks. Waveguide-based architectures, in which embedded quantum emitters act as both highly coherent single photon sources and as nonlinear elements to mediate photon-photon interactions, offer a scalable route to such networks. However, local electrical control of a quantum optical nonlinearity has yet to be demonstrated in a waveguide geometry. Here, we demonstrate local electrical tuning and switching of single photon generation and nonlinear interaction by embedding a quantum dot in a nano-photonic waveguide with enhanced light-matter interaction. A power-dependent transmission extinction as large as 40$\pm$2% and clear, voltage-controlled bunching in the photon statistics of the transmitted light demonstrate the single photon character of the nonlinearity. The deterministic nature of the nonlinearity is particularly attractive for the future realization of photonic gates for scalable nano-photonic waveguide-based quantum information processing.