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International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocols: A Survey

Ali Ibnun Nurhadi, Nana Rachmana Syambas

Published Jul 1, 2018• 143 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The security strength of key distribution of most conventional cryptography is relied on mathematical complexity and the irrational time needed to break the algorithm. But it will be ineffective if the secret key distribution procedure is weak. In 1994 Peter Shor proposed an algorithm that can factorize great integer number efficiently by using principle of quantum computer, this algorithm poses a threat to some of the conventional cryptography. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is drawing much attention of researcher as a solution of that problem of key distribution. Theoretically, QKD have been proven can be provide unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics laws. In this article we survey the QKD protocols. Also, we present a little experiment of some QKD protocols that we discussed on this paper.

DOI
10.1109/icwt.2018.8527822

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The security strength of key distribution of most conventional cryptography is relied on mathematical complexity and the irrational time needed to break the algorithm. But it will be ineffective if the secret key distribution procedure is weak. In 1994 Peter Shor proposed an algorithm that can factorize great integer number efficiently by using principle of quantum computer, this algorithm poses a threat to some of the conventional cryptography. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is drawing much attention of researcher as a solution of that problem of key distribution. Theoretically, QKD have been proven can be provide unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics laws. In this article we survey the QKD protocols. Also, we present a little experiment of some QKD protocols that we discussed on this paper.
Most cryptographic mechanisms, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if th e key distribution mechanism is weak. The security of most modern cryptographic systems of key distribution mechanism is based on computational co mplexity and the extraordinary time needed to break the code. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) or Quantum Cryptography is attracting much attention as a solution of the problem of key distribution; QKD of fers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics. In this article we survey the mo st popular QKD protocols. Also, we give a short state of the art of Quantum Cryptography.
Data protection and information security have been the essence of communication in today's digital era. Authentication and secrecy of secure communication are achieved using key-based cryptographic primitives; the security of which significantly relies upon the underlying computationally complex mathematics. Moreover, these existing cryptographic primitives are considered to be non-deterministic on the basis of the existing computational capabilities. However, the considerable advancements in the development of quantum computers have significantly enhanced parallel computations; thereby, posing a great threat to these existing encryption primitives. Thus, in the future, the physical manifestation of a large successful quantum computer is likely to break all the existing public-key encryption algorithms in no time. This has led to a remarkable surge of interest in propelling quantum mechanics into existence; subsequently, leading cryptographers to research various viable domains to offer quantum-resistant secure communications. Resultantly, quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution has emerged as a futuristic replacement for classical cryptography as it offers unconditionally secure communication along with the inherent detection of any unintended user. Thus, keeping in view the significance of this relatively newer domain of cryptography, this research focuses on presenting a consolidated review of the various Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. A comparative analysis of the working mechanism of the prominent QKD protocols is presented along with an overview of the various emerging trends that have been proposed to optimize the implementational efficiency of the BB84 protocol.
Most cryptographic mechanisms such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key distribution mechanism is weak. Quantum Key Distribution or Quantum Cryptography is attracting much attention as a solution of the problem of Key Distribution; QKD offers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics. This work presents quantum key distribution protocols (QKDP) to safeguard security in large networks, ushering in new directions in classical cryptography and quantum cryptography.
Most cryptographic mechanisms, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key distribution mechanism is weak. The security of most modern cryptographic systems of key distribution mechanism is based on computational complexity and the extraordinary time needed to break the code. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) or Quantum Cryptography is attracting much attention as a solution of the problem of key distribution; QKD offers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics. In this article we analyze of secure bit rate with the most popular QKD protocols. Also, we give a short state of the art of Quantum Cryptography.
Abstract — Most cryptographic mechanisms such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key distribution mechanism is weak. Quantum Key Distribution or Quantum Cryptography is attracting much attention as a solution of the problem of Key Distribution; QKD offers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics. This work presents quantum key distribution protocols (QKDP) to safeguard security in large networks, ushering in new directions in classical cryptography and quantum cryptography.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the objects of close attention and rapid progress due to the fact that once first quantum computers are available – classical cryptography systems will become partially or completely insecure. The potential threat to today’s information security cannot be neglected, and efficient quantum computing algorithms already exist. Quantum cryptography brings a completely new level of security and is based on quantum physics principles, comparing with the classical systems that rely on hard mathematical problems. The aim of the article is to overview QKD and the most conspicuous and prominent QKD protocols, their workflow and security basement. The article covers 17 QKD protocols and each introduces novel ideas for further QKD system improvement.