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IEEE Photonics Conference

Feasibility of Quantum Communications in Aquatic Scenario

Silvia Tarantino, Daniele Cozzolino, Karsten K. Rottwitt, Davide Bacco

Published Sep 1, 2018• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Security in underwater communications is a very sensitive topic due to its great interest in scientific, industrial and military applications. We present a feasibility analysis of different types of quantum communications protocols in aquatic scenarios.
DOI
10.1109/ipcon.2018.8527325

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Underwater communication, with its unique characteristics of throughput, delay, error rates, and communicating nodes, often constrained by battery power, presents a significant challenge. In the face of a quantum threat to cryptography, the need to correctly choose quantum-safe cryptographic schemes and key management protocols capable of meeting underwater communication constraints has become crucial. Our paper addresses the topic of securing underwater communication, and more generally, the topic of securing a constrained network. It analyses available post-quantum cryptographic solutions and assesses their applicability to underwater information exchange.
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In this paper, we apply a mathematical model of the quantum bit error rate to assess the viability of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols for secure and covert underwater communications. We consider scenarios that may include passive sensor arrays, coordinated underwater vehicles, and surface and aerial assets. This analysis suggests that single-photon QKD can potentially be used effectively at depths between 60 and 110 m in clear waters, with the precise depth depending in part on ambient illumination levels. We discuss how diurnal variations in background illumination can be exploited in some applications to achieve improved communications rate and/or reliability when using QKD or other secure optical protocol.
Abstract: As one of the main application directions of quantum technology, underwater quantum communication is of great research significance. In order to study the influence of marine planktonic algal particles on the communication performance of underwater quantum links, based on the extinction characteristics of marine planktonic algal particles, the influence of changes in the chlorophyll concentration and particle number density of planktonic algal particles on the attenuation of underwater links is explored respectively, the influence of marine planktonic algal particles on the fidelity of underwater quantum links, the generation rate of the security key, and the utilization rate of the channel is analyzed, and simulation experiments are carried out. The results show that with the increase in chlorophyll concentration and particle density of aquatic planktonic algal particles, quantum communication channel link attenuation shows a gradually increasing trend. In addition, the security key generation rate, channel fidelity and utilization rate are gradually decreasing. Therefore, the performance of underwater quantum communication channel will be interfered by marine planktonic algal particles, and it is necessary to adjust the relevant parameter values in the quantum communication system according to different marine planktonic algal particle number density and chlorophyll concentration to improve the performance of quantum communication.