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The correlation expansion method used in quantum computation

Adil Baitenov

Published Apr 1, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this master thesis, 3 methods of solving of Quantum Ising model have been outlined and compared, they include ABC. We investigate the entanglement dynamics and find energy and spin values for 1-dimensional Quantum Ising chain and 2 and 3-dimensional Quantum Ising models. System starts in a paramagnetic regime and switches to ferromagnetic spin-spin coupling constant J. In this work, we consider instantaneous (step function) switch, which demonstrates the instantaneous switch from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state. Solution of the system is made by quantum simulation using Microsofts’ Corporations computational simulator called The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator, 1/Z expansion method and Exact Diagonalization method. Accuracy and precision of results of first two methods are compared with Exact Diagonalization that provides the exact solution of the system. With that it can be seen to what extent 1/Z expansion method is applicable for solving of Quantum Ising model.

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In this master thesis, 3 methods of solving of Quantum Ising model have been outlined and compared, they include ABC. We investigate the entanglement dynamics and find energy and spin values for 1-dimensional Quantum Ising chain and 2 and 3-dimensional Quantum Ising models. System starts in a paramagnetic regime and switches to ferromagnetic spin-spin coupling constant J. In this work, we consider instantaneous (step function) switch, which demonstrates the instantaneous switch from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state. Solution of the system is made by quantum simulation using Microsofts’ Corporations computational simulator called The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator, 1/Z expansion method and Exact Diagonalization method. Accuracy and precision of results of first two methods are compared with Exact Diagonalization that provides the exact solution of the system. With that it can be seen to what extent 1/Z expansion method is applicable for solving of Quantum Ising model.
We investigate entanglement dynamics and correlations in the quantum Ising model in arbitrary dimensions using a large-coordination-number expansion. We start from the pure paramagnetic regime obtained through zero spin-spin coupling and subsequently turn on the interspin interaction in a time-dependent fashion. We investigate analytically and compare results for both the slow adiabatic onset of the interactions and the fast instantaneous switching. We find that in the latter case of an initial excitation mode a quantum correlation wave spreads through the system, propagating with twice the group velocity of the linearized equilibrium modes. This wave establishes the spatiotemporal regime of entangled quantum properties of the system for time scales shorter than the decoherence time and thus provides an indicator for the ``quantumness'' of the physical system that the specific system models.
The study of quantum dynamics is an increasingly important aspect of atomic, molecular and optical physics, as well as condensed-matter physics and other disciplines. It is essential in order to understand non-equilibrium phenomena which do not fit within the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics, such as many-body localization, dynamical quantum phase transitions, and non-equilibrium steady states in driven-dissipative systems. However, the exact calculation of dynamical observables is extremely difficult in general for several reasons, which makes it challenging for theoretical predictions and analyses to keep pace with rapidly advancing experiments. In this thesis I use and develop several computational methods to investigate the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, with the two goals of better understanding the evolution of local observables and correlation functions in spin and Fermion systems as well as creating and testing more effective numerical methods for solving quantum dynamics problems. I explore quantum dynamics by using Hamiltonian parameter quenches in several commonly-used models in AMO physics and elsewhere: the Fermi-Hubbard model, the XXZ model, and the transverse-Ising model. The first represents a system of short-range interacting Fermions, while the latter two represent spin systems with different spin-spin couplings and magnetic field terms. All of these models can be realized in current experiments. First, I derive an exact solution for an extreme interaction quench in the Fermi-Hubbard model, from a strongly-interacting initial state to a noninteracting final Hamiltonian. From this result I show that there are nontrivial transient connected correlations, despite the fact that the system has very high temperature and a noninteracting Hamiltonian. Those features would suppress such correlations in equilibrium, but the dynamical correlations are still significant. Then, I develop and examine two numerical methods for solving dynamics of the spin expectation values and correlation functions in the transverse-Ising and XXZ models. Both methods rely on approximating a thermodynamically large system with a much smaller and more computationally tractable cluster of lattice sites, or a series of clusters. The first method is a dynamical numerical linked cluster expansion (NLCE). NLCEs have already been used successfully on systems in thermodynamic equilibrium, and I extended the technique to directly compute the dynamics of an observable after a quantum quench. I review the general NLCE method, describe my dynamical variant of it, and compute the quench dynamics of spin and correlation observables in the transverse-Ising and XXZ models. The second method, which I term the adaptive-boundary cluster method, relies on recently refined bounds on information propagation in quantum systems to choose a cluster of lattice sites that minimizes the finite size error bound of a dynamical computation. I briefly review these bounds, and describe a new algorithm which uses them to construct a cluster whose boundary is chosen according to a related error estimate. Such an adaptive-boundary cluster has the property that there exists a computable upper bound on the finite size error of observables measured at the cluster center, and this error bound is nearly minimal when compared to that of other clusters of the same size. I then compute the quench dynamics of spin and correlation observables in the transverse-Ising model using the adaptive boundary clusters. I apply this method to both uniform and strongly disordered systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of both dynamical NLCE and adaptive-boundary clusters, I compare the results obtained using them to results from a standard and general purpose numerical method: exact solvers applied a rectangular cluster with periodic boundary conditions. Both of the new methods usually converge faster and are more accurate than the standard method for comparable cluster sizes. This thesis illustrates that choosing numerical methods which take advantage of the geometric and entanglement structure of the initial state and Hamiltonian can substantially enhance our ability to study quantum dynamics, by reducing the computational cost of numerically exact solutions. I conclude with a discussion of various avenues for future research to build on this work.
We present an exact simulation of a one-dimensional transverse Ising spin chain with a quantum computer. We construct an efficient quantum circuit that diagonalizes the Ising Hamiltonian and allows to obtain all eigenstates of the model by just preparing the computational basis states. With an explicit example of that circuit for n = 4 spins, we compute the expected value of the ground state transverse magnetization, the time evolution simulation and provide a method to also simulate thermal evolution. All circuits are run in IBM and Rigetti quantum devices to test and compare them qualitatively.
This thesis is devoted to establishing rigorous derivations of exact solutions of the 2D classical Ising model and 1D quantum spin systems via the Kac-Ward method More precisely, we give a rigorous derivation of the free energy of (i) the classical Ising model on the triangular lattice with translation-invariant coupling constants, and (ii) the one-dimensional quantum Ising model. We use the method of the Kac and Ward. The novel aspect is that the coupling constants may have negative signs. We describe the logarithmic singularity of the specific heat of the classical model and the validity of the Cimasoni–Duminil-Copin–Li formula for the critical temperature. We also discuss the quantum phase transition of the quantum model. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of extending the Kac-Ward method to 1D quantum spin systems. These systems enjoy stochastic representations given by random loop models. Specifically, we aim at obtaining exact formulas for their free energy and correlation functions.
The field of quantum computing has grown fast in recent years, both in theoretical advancements and the practical construction of quantum computers. These computers were initially proposed, among other reasons, to efficiently simulate and comprehend the complexities of quantum physics. In this paper, we present a comprehensive scheme for the exact simulation of the 1-D XY model on a quantum computer. We successfully diagonalize the proposed Hamiltonian, enabling access to the complete energy spectrum. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach to design a quantum circuit to perform exact time evolution. Among all the possibilities this opens, we compute the ground and excited state energies for the symmetric XY model with spin chains of n=4 n = 4 and n=8 n = 8 spins. Further, we calculate the expected value of transverse magnetization for the ground state in the transverse Ising model. Both studies allow the observation of a quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state. Additionally, we have simulated the time evolution of the state all spins up in the transverse Ising model. The scalability and high performance of our algorithm make it an ideal candidate for benchmarking purposes, while also laying the foundation for simulating other integrable models on quantum computers.
We demonstrate that a numerical linked cluster expansion method is a powerful tool to calculate quantum dynamics. We calculate the dynamics of the magnetization and spin correlations in the two-dimensional transverse field Ising and XXZ models evolved from a product state. Such dynamics are directly probed in ongoing experiments in ultracold atoms, molecules, and ions. We show that a numerical linked cluster expansion gives dramatically more accurate results at short-to-moderate times than exact diagonalization, and simultaneously requires fewer computational resources. More specifically, the cluster expansion frequently produces more accurate results than an exact diagonalization calculation that would require 10510^{5}105--101010^{10}1010 more computational operations and memory.