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Frontiers in Optics

Electro-Optic Temporal Optical Systems for Spectral Shaping of Quantum Light

Filip Sośnicki, Maciej Gałka, Michał Mikołajczyk, Valérian Thiel, Alex O. C. Davis, Brian J. Smith, Michał Karpiński

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally show spectral-temporal (ST) modification of single-photon pulses by a system of two electrooptic time lenses. Our work enables ST shaping of quantum light for mode matching in quantum networks and for quantum information processing.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2018.jw4a.79

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Spectral-temporal shaping of quantum light has important applications in quantum communications and photonic quantum information processing. Electro-optic temporal lenses have recently been recognized as a tool for noise-free, efficient spectral bandwidth manipulation of single-photon wavepackets. However, standard electro-optic time lenses based on single-tone modulation exhibit, limited bandwidth modification factors due to material limitations on phase modulation amplitude. Here we numerically investigate the use of complex electro-optic temporal phase modulation patterns for bandwidth compression of light over multiple orders of magnitude and show the feasibility of their use in photonic interfaces for quantum network applications.
Spectral-temporal manipulation of optical pulses has enabled numerous developments within a broad range of research topics, ranging from fundamental science to practical applications. Within quantum optics spectral-temporal degree of freedom of light offers a promising platform for integrated photonic quantum information processing. An important challenge in experimentally realizing spectral-temporal manipulation of quantum states of light is the need for highly efficient manipulation tools. In this context the intrinsically deterministic electro-optic methods show great promise for quantum applications. We experimentally demonstrate application of electro-optic platform for spectral-temporal manipulation of ultrashort pulsed quantum light. Using techniques analogous to serrodyne frequency shifting we show active spectral translation of few-picosecond single photon pulses by up to 0.5 THz. By employing an approach based on an electro-optic time lens we demonstrate up to 6-fold spectral compression of heralded single photon pulses with efficiency that enables us to significantly increase single photon flux through a narrow bandpass filter. We realize the required temporal phase manipulation by driving a lithium niobate waveguided electrooptic modulator with 33 dBm sinusoidal RF field at the frequency of either 10 GHz or 40 GHz. We use a phase lock loop to temporally lock the RF field to the 80 MHz repetition rate of approximately 1 ps long optical pulses. Heralded single photon wavepackets are generated by means of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal, which enables preparation of spectrally pure single photon wavepackets without the need for spectral filtering. Spectral shifting is achieved by locking single-photon pulses to the linear slope of sinusoidal 40 GHz RF phase modulation. We verify the spectral shift by performing spectrally resolved heralded single photon counting, using frequency-to-time conversion by means of a highly dispersive chirped fiber Bragg grating. We verify the non-classicality of spectrally shifted single photons by measuring high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference using a reference single photon pulse. Spectral compression is based on the time lens principle, which requires locking optical pulses to approximately quadratic region of sinusoidal phase modulation. We utilize both 10 GHz and 40 GHz RF driving frequencies. Bandwidth compression is achieved by chirping the single photon pulse using an appropriate length of single-mode fibre and subsequently subjecting it to the action of the time lens. We verify spectral compression directly using the aforementioned spectrally-resolved heralded single photon counting method. We achieve 3-fold spectral compression of 2 nm bandwidth single photon pulses using 40 GHZ modulation frequency, and 6-fold spectral compression of 0.9 nm bandwidth single photon pulses using 10 GHz modulation frequency. Overall transmission of our set-up exceeding 30% enables practical usability of our spectral compression method which we demonstrate experimentally by showing an increased photon flux through a narrowband filter. Our results present an important contribution towards implementing quantum information processing in the spectral-temporal degree of freedom of a photon. In the context of quantum networks they present an enabling tool towards efficient photonic interfacing of different quantum information processing platforms.
Electro-optic time lenses are promising experimental components for photonic spectral-temporal processing of quantum information. We report a stable method to realize an electro-optic time lens, which relies on the amplification of an electronic response of a fast photodiode. The method does not require a repetitive clock and may be applied to aperiodic optical signals. We experimentally demonstrate the approach using single-photon pulses, and directly verify its aperiodicity. The approach will enable the construction of complex electro-optic temporal optical systems.
For the realization of a hybrid quantum network, an efficient spectral mode matching between dissimilar photon sources is quintessential. With nonlinear frequency conversion it has already been shown it is possible to match central frequencies [1], but not spectral bandwidth. Previous experiments relied on passive filtering for bandwidth matching [2], [3] and were suffering from too high loss rates to allow for an efficient information transfer and processing between different quantum light sources. Promising results in spectral bandwidth conversion of quantum light have been shown by a phase-only reshaping approach using electro-optic time lensing [4], [5]. In close analogy to a thin lens in space, first a quadratic spectral phaseϕ\phiϕis applied, followed by, an again quadratic, temporal phaseφ\varphiφ. By choosing the right collimation condition,ϕ=φ−1\phi=\varphi^{-1}ϕ=φ−1, compression (or expansion) is achieved in spectral width [6]. By this active reshaping of the spectral-temporal wave packet, for a quantum light source in telecom wavelength a compression factor of about 50 has already been shown [5].