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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Quantum Otto Engine based on Multiple-State Single Fermion in 1D Box System

Deny Pra Setyo, Eny Latifah

Published Sep 1, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, a quantum Otto engine (QOE) based on a multiple-state single fermion particle trapped in an one-dimensional potential well has been studied. In this study, we used an analogical model completed with the first law of thermodynamics for the quantum system. The system satisfied the relativistic Hamiltonian, especially Dirac Hamiltonian. The engine consisted of the quantum isochoric and isentropic processes to form an Otto Cycle. The heat input and output were transferred under isochoric processes. As a result, the higher the number of energies was arranged, the lower the efficiency the system has. However, we could increase the efficiency of QOE by controlling the compression ratio. In addition, we also obtained the correspondence of the efficiency ultra-relativistic limits QOE and non-relativistic limits one.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1093/1/012030

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In this work, a quantum Otto engine (QOE) based on a multiple-state single fermion particle trapped in an one-dimensional potential well has been studied. In this study, we used an analogical model completed with the first law of thermodynamics for the quantum system. The system satisfied the relativistic Hamiltonian, especially Dirac Hamiltonian. The engine consisted of the quantum isochoric and isentropic processes to form an Otto Cycle. The heat input and output were transferred under isochoric processes. As a result, the higher the number of energies was arranged, the lower the efficiency the system has. However, we could increase the efficiency of QOE by controlling the compression ratio. In addition, we also obtained the correspondence of the efficiency ultra-relativistic limits QOE and non-relativistic limits one.
We evaluate quantum Otto, Diesel and Brayton cycles employing multiple-state 1D box system instead of ideal gas filled cylinder. The work and heat are extracted using the change in the expectation of Hamiltonian of the system which leads to the first law of thermodynamics to quantum system. The first law makes available to redefine the force which is in fact not well defined in a quantum mechanical system and then it is applied to define the quantum version of thermodynamic processes, i.e. isobaric, isovolume and adiabatic. As the results, the efficiency of quantum Otto engine depends only on the compression ratio and will be higher than the efficiency of quantum Diesel which can decrease by the widening of expansion under isobaric process. The efficiency of quantum Brayton engine may reach maximum on certain combination between the wide of box under isobaric expansion and compression, under certain conditions. The amount of levels participated in the quantum heat engine system will potentially reduce the performance of the quantum heat cycles consisting isobaric process, but it can be resisted using isobaric process controller.
The quantum Diesel of a single fermion in 1D box system has been explored. The Fermion particle meets the Dirac's relativistic Hamiltonian with a chosen mass worth zero. This Relativistic Diesel engine research aims to obtain Diesel engine efficiency that utilizes massless fermion particles as a working substance. This study implements a modified analogy model of the classical analogue model to quantum with the implementation of the first law of thermodynamics for quantum systems so that quantum thermodynamic processes can be defined explicitly. The exploratory results of a single quantum fermion Diesel engine of a single massless system are efficiency formulation that is suitable for the efficiency of a classic Diesel engine, but its heat capacity ratio is unique, that is 2. Based on the value of heat capacity ratio, the efficiency is higher than the classical.
Abstract QLE which has the working substance of a quantum system, a single particle confined in a one-dimensional potential box, has been constructed theoretically in this paper. The quantum system replaces the role of the classical system which has a working substance in the form of gas confined in a piston cylinder. The piston that moves back and forth is substituted by a 1D potential box wall that can move freely to change the width of the potential box. In this way, the three classical thermodynamic processes in the CLE (Classical Lenoir Engine), namely isochoric, isotherm, and isobar, can be analogous to the quantum system. Finally, we find that the thermal efficiency formulation of QLE has the similarity of shape to the CLE efficiency equation. However, a higher ratio of specific heat for QLE makes the efficiency value greater than CLE at each same compression ratio.
A quantum dual-engine is a machine that applies a dual cycle in a quantum system. This machine is a quantum analogy to the classical dual-engine consisting of a combination of classical Otto engine and classical Diesel engine. By analogizing a particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well as a gas in a piston-cylinder, quantum thermodynamic processes in a dual cycle can be explained from the analogies of classical processes such as adiabatic, isochoric, and isobar. This research examines the value of thermal efficiency and other aspects of the quantum dual-engine with the study of literature. The results of the research show that the thermal efficiency of the quantum dual-engine has similarities with the classical dual-engine. Under the same mechanical ratios condition, the thermal efficiency of a quantum dual-engine has a higher value than the thermal efficiency of its classical engines.
The quantum heat engines have drawn much attention due to miniaturization of devices recently. We study the dynamics of the quantum Otto heat engine using the driven-dissipative Schrödinger equation. Starting from different initial states, we simulate the time evolutions of the internal energy, power and heat-work conversion efficiency. The initial state impacts on these thermodynamic quantities before the Otto cycle reaches stable. In the transition period, the efficiency and power may be higher or lower than the corresponding values in the cyclostationary state. Remarkably, the efficiency could surpass the Otto limit and even the Carnot limit and the power could be much higher than the rated power. The efficiency anomaly is due to the energy in the initial state. Thus, we suggest that periodically pumping could take the similar role of a hot bath but could be manipulated flexibly. Furthermore, we propose a new quantum engine working in a single reservoir to convert the pump energy into mechanical work. This manipulative engine could potentially be applied to working in the microenvironments without a large temperature difference, such as the biological tissues in vivo. Our protocol is expected to model a new quantum engine with the advantage of applicability and controllability.