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Chinese Control Conference (CCC)

Weighted Symbol Flipping Decoding for Non-binary LDPC Codes Based on Iteration Stopping Criterion

Haiwei Mu, Jiahui Meng, Liang Zhang, Daiyao Yi, Danfeng Zhao

Published Jul 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

To speed up the convergence rate of non-binary low-density parity check codes and reduce decoding computational complexity of decoding algorithm, a weighted symbol flipping decoding algorithm based on iterative stopping criteria is proposed. The algorithm determines the position and amplitude of the flipped symbol according to the weight of the information node and the flipping function in the check equation, and selects the optimal value of the weighting factor through simulation. At the same time, the iteration stop criterion is introduced, and the iteration is stopped by setting the number of parity equations without satisfying the different signal-to-noise ratio. The simulation results show that the channel additive white Gauss noise, the algorithm ensures the invariant properties of weighted symbol flipping decoding algorithm under the condition that can accelerate the convergence speed, reduce the average number of iterations, so the decoding performance and complexity trad-off between effective.

DOI
10.23919/chicc.2018.8483599

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To speed up the convergence rate of non-binary low-density parity check codes and reduce decoding computational complexity of decoding algorithm, a weighted symbol flipping decoding algorithm based on iterative stopping criteria is proposed. The algorithm determines the position and amplitude of the flipped symbol according to the weight of the information node and the flipping function in the check equation, and selects the optimal value of the weighting factor through simulation. At the same time, the iteration stop criterion is introduced, and the iteration is stopped by setting the number of parity equations without satisfying the different signal-to-noise ratio. The simulation results show that the channel additive white Gauss noise, the algorithm ensures the invariant properties of weighted symbol flipping decoding algorithm under the condition that can accelerate the convergence speed, reduce the average number of iterations, so the decoding performance and complexity trad-off between effective.
A properly designed stopping criterion for iterative decoding algorithms can save a number of iterations and lead to a considerable reduction of system latency. The symbol flipping decoding algorithms based on prediction (SFDP) have been proposed recently for efficient decoding of non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. To detect the decoding frames with slow convergence or even non-convergence, we track the number of oscillations on the value of objective function during the iterations. Based on this tracking number, we design a simple stopping criterion for the SFDP algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed stopping criterion can significantly reduce the number of iterations at low signal-to-noise ratio regions with slight error performance degradation.
A two-stage hybrid iterative decoding algorithm with an efficient stopping criterion for nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed, which combines weighted symbol-flipping (WSF) algorithm and fast Fourier transform q-ary sum-product algorithm (FFT-QSPA). The first WSF decoding would be stopped in advance by analyzing the trend of the number of unsatisfied checks. If the first stage decoding is stopped or failed, the second powerful FFT-QSPA is activated. The proposed decoding with the efficient stopping achieves error performance as good as that of FFT-QSPA with a low complexity, and converges faster than hybrid WSF (HWSF) algorithm.
Two low-complexity symbol flipping decoding algorithms, the Improved weighted-Algorithm B algorithm (Iwtd-AlgB) and the Truncation-based Distance-Symbol-Flipping-Decoding with Prediction (TD-SFDP) algorithm, are presented for non-binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. For the Iwtd-AlgB algorithm, the scaling factor of the flipping metric can be replaced by the simple sums of the extrinsic information and the distance-based parameter, which can avoid the multiplication operations in the iterations and thus can reduce the decoding complexity. For the presented TD-SFDP algorithm, the variable nodes and the finite field symbols are truncated and classified based on the extrinsic information frequency and the flipping function. Only those nodes/symbols that satisfy the designed conditions can be involved in the message updating process. Simulations and numeric results show that, the presented two decoding algorithms can reduce the computational complexity at each iteration with a controllable performance degradation, thus can make efficient trade-offs between performance and complexity.
A weighted belief propagation decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check decoding is proposed to accelerate the convergence of decoding and reduce the number of decoding iterations. We propose an early stopping criterion which is based on the average weighted reliability measure of the hard output of decoder to detect undecodable blocks in an early stage of the decoding process. In addition, an adaptive weighted iteration scheme is proposed to increase the convergence speed of belief propagation (BP) decoding and therefore improve the error performance. The evolution of the adaptive weighting factor with the number of decoding iterations is based on the relative entropy between two consecutive ”a posteriori” probabilities distribution at decoder output. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve about 0.2-0.4 dB coding gain improvement on average while reducing up to about 50%-85% iterations for decoding at low to medium E(subscript b)/ N(subscript 0) , compared with the conventional BP based algorithms.
A new low-complexity symbol-flipping algorithm based on majority decision to decode nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed. The decoding procedure updates iteratively the hard-decision received symbol vector in search of a valid codeword in the symbol vector space. Only one symbol is changed in each iteration, and symbol flipping function combines the number of failed checks and reliability of the received bits and calculated symbols. Flipped symbol position is determined by majority decision and flipped value is calculated by channel output. And an optional mechanism to avoid infinite loops in high Galois field search is also proposed. Our studies show that the algorithm achieves an appealing tradeoff between performance and complexity over relatively low Galois field for short to medium code length.
This paper proposes a modified weighted violation-based bit-flipping decoding algorithm for LDPC codes, and no soft information is required for decoding, Futhermore, in order to reduce the average number of iterations and decoding complexity, the threshold of judgement is set. Simulation results show that this modified algorithm could achieve much less number of iterations and better performance as compared with several soft-decision bit-flipping decoding algorithms for LDPC codes with large girth and low code rate.