Abstract One important aspect of our universe is that one cannot get something from nothing; there is always a price to pay. In this article we show that every bit of information is limited by a quantum unit. Since we are communicating within a temporal subspace, this unit can be equivalently described as a quantum limited subspace (QLS), as imposed by the Heisenberg Principle. We show that communication can be exploited within and outside the QLS. The size of a QLS is determined by carrier signal bandwidth; that is narrower the bandwidth the larger the size of the QLS. By manipulating the size of a QLS, more efficient information transmission strategies can be developed. Examples for inside and outside QLS communication are given. Extension to relativistic communication has also demonstrated. We remark that, a new era of communication is anticipated to immerge and it will change our way in communicating, observation and computing, we used to use, forever!
Abstract One important aspect of our universe is that one cannot get something from nothing; there is always a price to pay. In this article we show that every bit of information is limited by a quantum unit. Since we are communicating within a temporal subspace, this unit can be equivalently described as a quantum limited subspace (QLS), as imposed by the Heisenberg Principle. We show that communication can be exploited within and outside the QLS. The size of a QLS is determined by carrier signal bandwidth; that is narrower the bandwidth the larger the size of the QLS. By manipulating the size of a QLS, more efficient information transmission strategies can be developed. Examples for inside and outside QLS communication are given. Extension to relativistic communication has also demonstrated. We remark that, a new era of communication is anticipated to immerge and it will change our way in communicating, observation and computing, we used to use, forever!
One important aspect of our universe is that one cannot get something from nothing; there is always a price to pay. In this article we show that every bit of information is limited by a quantum unit. Since we are communicating within a temporal subspace, this unit can be equivalently described as a quantum limited subspace (QLS), as imposed by the Heisenberg Principle. We show that communication can be exploited within and outside the QLS. The size of a QLS is determined by carrier signal bandwidth; that is narrower the bandwidth the larger the size of the QLS. By manipulating the size of a QLS, more efficient information transmission strategies can be developed. Examples for inside and outside QLS communication are given. Extension to relativistic communication has also demonstrated. We remark that, a new era of communication is anticipated to immerge and it will change our way in communicating, observation and computing, we used to use, forever!
In this chapter, I will show that information-transmission (IT) can be carried out within a quantum unit, as defined by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, in which this unit can be translated as a quantum limited subspace (QLS). We will show that the size of a QLS is determined by the carrier bandwidth; that is, the narrower the bandwidth, the larger the size of the QLS can be used for complex amplitude communication. By understanding the pros and the cons of IT within the QLS, more innovative communication techniques can be developed and employed in practice, for example, as applied to security IT within the QLS. Imaging using phase conjugation idea will be illustrated. A new era of innovative communication is anticipated to emerge and it will change the way we used to communicate forever!
“All information is physical”, the slogan advocated over many years by Rolf Landauer of IBM, has recently led to some remarkable changes in the way we view communications, computing and cryptography. By employing quantum physics, several objectives that were thought impossible in a classical world have now proven to be possible. Quantum communications links, for example, become impossible to eavesdrop without detection. Quantum computers (were they to be realized) could turn some algorithms that are labelled “difficult” for a classical machine, no matter how powerful, into ones that become “simple”. The details of what constitutes “difficult” and what “easy” are the subject of mathematical complexity theory, but an example here will illustrate the point and the impact that quantum information processors will have on all of us. The security of many forms of encryption is predicated on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. Finding the factors of a 1024-digit number would take longer than the age of the universe on a computer designed according to the laws of classical physics, and yet can be done in the blink of an eye on a quantum computer were it to have a comparable clock speed. But only if we can build one, and that's the challenge! No one has yet realized a quantum register of the necessary size, or quantum gates with the prerequisite accuracy. Yet it is worth the chase, as a quantum computer with a modest-sized register could out-perform any classical machine.
Since we live in a temporal subspace, every substance within the universe obeys the laws of science and the rule of time. This chapter shows that instant quantum entanglement at a large distance only exists in timeless space. In view of Einstein's relativity, quantum entanglement can be extended to the relativistic regime, namely, relativistic quantum entanglement. Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs (or a group of particles) interact in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be independently described, even when particles are separated by a large distance. Some scientists believe that, in principle, instant quantum entanglement between particles is possible, even for a large-distance separation. One of the interesting aspects of the Quantum Limited-Subspace is that it can be used in describing the Coherence Theory of Light. It can be shown within the Quantum Limited-Subspace that a high Degree of Mutual Coherence can be obtained.
Most quantum communication tasks need to rely on the transmission of quantum signals over long distances. Unfortunately, transmission of such signals is most often limited by losses in the channel, the same issue that affects classical communication. Simple signal amplification provides an elegant solution for the classical world, but this is not possible in the quantum world, as the no-cloning theorem forbids such an operation and, thus, an alternative approach, a quantum repeater, is needed. Quantum repeaters enable one to create a known maximally entangled state between the end points of the network by first segmenting the network into pieces, creating entanglement between the segments, and then, connecting those entanglement to create the required long range entanglement. Quantum teleportation then allows an unknown quantum message to be transmitted between them using the long-range entangled state. This form of quantum communication will be at the heart of the future quantum Internet. In this review, we will detail various approaches to quantum repeaters, and discuss their expected performance and limitations.
It is our science governs the mathematics and it is “not” our mathematics governs our science. One of the very important aspects is that every science has to comply with the boundary condition of our universe; dimensionality and temporal (t > 0) or causality. In which I have shown that time is real and it is not an illusion, since every aspect within our universe is coexisted with time. Since our universe is a temporal (t > 0) subspace, everything within our universe is temporal. Science is mathematics but mathematics is not science, we have shown that any analytic solution has to be temporal (t > 0); otherwise, it cannot be implemented within our universe. Which includes all the laws, principles, and theories have to be temporal? Uncertainty principle is one of the most fascinated principles in quantum mechanics, yet Heisenberg principle was based on diffraction limited observation, it is not due to the nature of time. We have shown it is the temporal (t > 0) uncertainty that changes with time. We have introduced a certainty principle as in contrast with uncertainty principle. Of which certainty subspace can be created within our universe; which can be exploited for application. Overall of this chapter is to show that; it is not how rigorous the mathematics is, it is the physical realizable paradigm that we embrace.