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Signal processing, sensor fusion, and target recognition. Conference

Impact of emerging quantum information technologies (QIT) on information fusion: panel summary (Conference Presentation)

Erik Blasch, Bhashyam Balaji, Ivan Kadar

Published Oct 5, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum physics has a growing influence on sensor technology; particularly, in the areas of quantum computer science, quantum communications, and quantum sensing based on recent insights from atomic, molecular and optical physics. These quantum contributions have the potential to impact information fusion techniques. Quantum information technology (QIT) methods of interest suggest benefits for information fusion, so a panel was organized to articulate methods of importance for the community. The panel discussion presented many ideas from which the leading impact for information fusion is directly related to the sub-Rayleigh sensing that reduces uncertainty for object assessment through enhanced resolution. The second areas of importance is in the cyber security of data that supports data, sensor, and information fusion. Some elements of QIT that require further analysis is in quantum computing for which only a limited set of information fusion techniques can harness the methods associated with quantum computer architectures. The panel reviewed various aspects of QIT for information fusion which provides a foundation to identify future alignment between quantum and information fusion techniques.

DOI
10.1117/12.2305578

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Quantum physics has a growing influence on sensor technology; particularly, in the areas of quantum computer science, quantum communications, and quantum sensing based on recent insights from atomic, molecular and optical physics. These quantum contributions have the potential to impact information fusion techniques. Quantum information technology (QIT) methods of interest suggest benefits for information fusion, so a panel was organized to articulate methods of importance for the community. The panel discussion presented many ideas from which the leading impact for information fusion is directly related to the sub-Rayleigh sensing that reduces uncertainty for object assessment through enhanced resolution. The second areas of importance is in the cyber security of data that supports data, sensor, and information fusion. Some elements of QIT that require further analysis is in quantum computing for which only a limited set of information fusion techniques can harness the methods associated with quantum computer architectures. The panel reviewed various aspects of QIT for information fusion which provides a foundation to identify future alignment between quantum and information fusion techniques.
Quantum information technology (QIT) encompasses a collection of emerging innovations-quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing-that leverage unique properties of quantum systems, such as entanglement, superposition, and quantization, in order to process information in ways that are either classically impossible or infeasible. While QIT remains in relative infancy, its potential for unprecedented computational speedups, security of communication, and ultra-precise measurement foreshadows its impacts and risks across economic, strategic, and societal domains. We situate QIT within both its historical and technological context, focusing on the question of what is sui generis or unique about QIT with respect to both technical detail and governance imperatives. We identify how the unique ontological properties of quantum systems may raise novel legal conceptual dilemmas and propose a governance-stack model that aligns potential regulatory instruments with specific layers of the QIT technical stack, enabling precise risk assessment and stakeholder-focused regulation. By adopting an information-theoretic lens, we analyze how QIT's novel affordances-ranging from decryption of classical encryption to ultra-precise sensing-may potentially impact legal domains. Our contribution aims to lay a foundation for understanding QIT's legal implications, offering a framework to navigate its opportunities and risks.
In this paper we discuss two potential areas of intersection between Quantum Information Technologies and Information Fusion. The first area we call Quantum (Data Fusion) and refers to the use of quantum computers to perform data fusion algorithms with classical data generated by quantum and classical sensors. As we discuss, we expect that these quantum fusion algorithms will have a better computational complexity than traditional fusion algorithms. This means that quantum computers could allow the efficient fusion of large data sets for complex multi-target tracking. On the other hand, (Quantum Data) Fusion refers to the fusion of quantum data that is being generated by quantum sensors. The output of the quantum sensors is considered in the form of qubits, and a quantum computer performs data fusion algorithms. Our theoretical models suggest that we expect that these algorithms can increase the sensitivity of the quantum sensor network.
The marriage of quantum physics and information technology has the potential to generate radically new information processing devices. Examples are quantum cryptosystems, which provide guaranteed secure communication, and quantum computers, which manipulate data quantum mechanically and could thus solve some problems currently intractable to conventional (classical) computation. This introductory chapter serves two purposes. Firstly, I discuss some of the basic aspects of quantum physics which underpin quantum information technology (QIT). These will be used (and in somes cases further expanded upon) in subsequent chapters. Secondly, and as a lead into the whole book, I outline some of the ideas of QIT and its possible uses. To appear as Chapter 1 of Introduction to Quantum Computation and Information, eds. H.-K. Lo, S. Popescu and T. P. Spiller, (World Scientific Press 1998), http://www.wspc.com.sg/. 1 1 Introduction Information technology (IT) can feed off quantum physic...
A new quantum information technology (QIT) could emerge in the future, based on current research in the fields of quantum information processing and communication1, 2, 3 (QIPC). In contrast to conventional IT, where quantum mechanics plays a support role in improving the building blocks, fundamental quantum phenomena play a central role in QIPC — information is stored, processed, and communicated according to the laws of quantum physics. This additional freedom could enable future QIT to perform tasks we will never achieve with ordinary IT. Today many people are familiar with at least the consequences of Moore’s Law — the fastest computer in the shops doubles in speed about every 18 months to two years. This exponential progress, first noted4 by Gordon Moore — cofounder and former CEO of Intel — in 1965, has continued ever since. But it cannot go on forever. Hurdles exist, for example: silicon will hit problems, with oxide thinness or track width5; new materials or even new paradigms, such as self-assembled nano-devices or molecular electronics, will be needed; lots of dollars will be required as Moore’s second law tells us that fabrication costs are also growing exponentially. However, even if the hurdles can be overcome, we will eventually run into nature.
Cryptology and information security are set to play a more prominent role in the near future. In this regard, quantum communication and cryptography offer new opportunities to tackle ICT security. Quantum Information Processing and Communication (QIPC) is a scientific field where new conceptual foundations and techniques are being developed. They promise to play an important role in the future of information Security. It is therefore essential to have a cross-fertilizing development between quantum technology and cryptology in order to address the security challenges of the emerging quantum era. In this article, we discuss the impact of quantum technology on the current as well as future crypto-techniques. We then analyse the assumptions on which quantum computers may operate. Then we present our vision for the distribution of security attributes using a novel form of trust based on Heisenberg's uncertainty; and, building highly secure quantum networks based on the clear transmission of single photons and/or bundles of photons able to withstand unauthorized reading as a result of secure protocols based on the observations of quantum mechanics. We argue how quantum cryptographic systems need to be developed that can take advantage of the laws of physics to provide long-term security based on solid assumptions. This requires a structured integration effort to deploy quantum technologies within the existing security infrastructure. Finally, we conclude that classical cryptographic techniques need to be redesigned and upgraded in view of the growing threat of cryptanalytic attacks posed by quantum information processing devices leading to the development of post-quantum cryptography.