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Acta Optica Sinica

Comparative Research of Measuring Methods of Rubidium Atom Transverse Relaxation Time

丁志超 Ding Zhichao, 袁杰 Yuan Jie, 李莹颖 Li Yingying, 冯伟 Feng Wei, 汪之国 Wang Zhiguo

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/aos201535.0602002

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The spin transverse relaxation time ( T 2 ) of atoms is an important indicator for magnetic field precision measurement. Especially in optically-pumped atomic magnetometer, the linewidth of the magnetic resonance signal is one of the most important parameters of sensitivity, which is inversely correlated with T 2 of atoms. In this paper, we propose four methods, namely spin noise spectroscopy signal fitting, radio-frequency free induction decay (RF-FID) signal fitting, ω m (modulation frequency)-broadening fitting, and magnetic resonance broadening fitting, for in-situ measurement T 2 of atomic vapor cells based on light-atom interactions. Meanwhile, T 2 of three Rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor cells with different parameters are measured and discussed by using these four methods. A comparative analysis visualizes the characteristics of the different methods and the effects of buffer gas on T 2 of Rb atoms. Through theoretical and experimental analysis, we assess the applicability of each method and concluded that the RF-FID signal fitting method provides the most accurate measurements due to the timing sequence control system, which results in a cleaner measurement environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate and qualitatively analyze the relationship between temperature and T 2 of Rb atoms. This work may offer valuable insights into the selection of atomic vapor cells and it is also applicable for the spin-exchange relaxation-free region.
In the atomic cell of the spin exchange optical pumping system, the optical pumping inevitably introduces a magnetic field gradient, which affects the measurement result of the nuclear spin relaxation time a lot. To address this issue, our method achieves the measurement while excluding the influence of this magnetic field gradient. In this method, the pump laser is turned off after the spins of 87Rb and 129Xe have been effectively polarized, which results in the spin polarization of the 87Rb atoms being provided only by the spin exchange with 129Xe. Ultimately, the transverse and longitudinal components of the polarization of 129Xe are detected by the in situ87Rb atom magnetometer to obtain the T1 and T2 of 129Xe under different conditions. Using our method, since the influence of inhomogeneity caused by the pump laser is eliminated, the relaxation characteristic of atomic cells can be measured more quickly, essentially, and conveniently, which helps compare the performance of different atomic cells and find the best cell fabrication process further.
Optically-dense alkali-metal vapor cells with low optical losses are widely used in quantum precision measurements, yet atomic behaviors in coated cells still need further study. We developed an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) anti-relaxation and dielectric anti-reflection coated multipass optical cell filled with rubidium vapor at high density, and investigated the spin relaxation as well as the spin noise of the atomic ensembles. High contrast spin noise spectrum was observed and we find that the quantum coherence lifetime is equal to the classical transverse spin relaxation time. Number density measurements give the spin-exchange possibility of 14% between rubidium atoms trapped in the coating.