Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Access

Physical Layer Security in Uplink NOMA Multi-Antenna Systems With Randomly Distributed Eavesdroppers

Gerardo Gómez, Francisco J. Martín-Vega, F. Javier López‐Martínez, Yuanwei Liu, Maged Elkashlan

Published Jan 1, 2019• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The physical layer security of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is analyzed. A stochastic geometry approach is applied to analyze the coverage probability and effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the kth NOMA user, where a fixed or an adaptive transmission rate can be used. We consider a protected zone around the legitimate terminals to establish an eavesdropper-exclusion area. We assume that the channel state information associated with eavesdroppers is not available at the base station. We also consider that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. The impact of imperfect successive interference cancellation is also taken into account in this paper. Our framework allows to compute, numerically, the wiretap code rates that maximize the EST. In addition, our framework also allows an optimum selection of other system parameters, such as the transmit power or the eavesdropper-exclusion radius.

DOI
10.1109/access.2019.2920578

Related papers

Physical Layer Security in Uplink NOMA Multi-Antenna Systems with Randomly Distributed Eavesdroppers

Gerardo Gómez, Francisco J. Martín-Vega, F. Javier López‐Martínez +2 more

The physical layer security of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is analyzed. A stochastic geometry approach is applied to analyze the coverage probability and the effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the kth NOMA user, where a fixed or an adaptive transmission rate can be used. A protected zone around the legitimate terminals to establish an eavesdropper-exclusion area. We assume that the channel state information associated with eavesdroppers is not available at the base station. We consider that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. The impact of imperfect successive interference cancellation is also taken into account in this work. Our analysis allows an easy selection of the wiretap code rates that maximizes the EST. Additionally, our framework also allows an optimum selection of other system parameters like the transmit power or the eavesdropper-exclusion radius.

arXiv:1709.04693•Sep 14, 2017•4 citations

Outage probability and secrecy capacity of a non-orthogonal multiple access system

Thi My Chinh Chu, Hans‐Jürgen Zepernick

In this paper, we analyze the outage probability and secrecy capacity of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in the presence of an eavesdropper. In order to enhance spectral efficiency, a base station communicates with two users simultaneously in the same frequency band by superpimposing the transmit signals to the users in the power domain. Specifically, the user with the worse channel conditions is allocated higher power such that it is able to directly decode its signal from the received superimposed signal. At the user with the better channel conditions, the interference due to NOMA is processed by successive interference cancelation. Given these system settings and accounting for decoding thresholds, we analyze the outage probability of the NOMA system over Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, based on the locations of the users and eavesdropper, the secrecy capacity is analyzed to assess the level of security provided to the legitimate users in the presence of an eavesdropper. Here, the decoding thresholds of legitimate users and eavesdropper are also included in the analysis of the secrecy capacity. Through numerical results, the effects of network parameters on system performance are assessed as well as the the superiority of NOMA in terms of secrecy capacity over traditional orthogonal multiple access.

International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems•Dec 1, 2017•15 citations

Mobility Improves NOMA Physical Layer Security

Jie Tang, Long Jiao, Ning Wang +3 more

Physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems has attracted great attentions. However, the impact of mobility on physical layer security of NOMA systems has not been well studied. In this paper, to fill this gap, we investigate the impact of random mobility on physical layer security of NOMA systems. Considering scenarios where a base station (BS) or access point (AP) communicates to two random mobile users with a passive eavesdropper in two concentric circles, we study the secrecy performance with combinations of two typical random mobility models: random waypoint (RWP) and random direction (RD). A general analytical framework to numerically calculate the average secrecy rates of NOMA mobile users under steady state is provided. By comparing secrecy performance of mobile users with static users, we find that RWP mobile users can achieve higher average secrecy rates than the users with other mobility combinations. Meanwhile, two types of secrecy fairness for mobile users are fully considered and we propose a novel sum average secrecy rate maximization problem, subject to average power limits and users' QoS (quality of service) requirements. Considering eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is unknown to BS, we propose a threshold power allocation strategy to improve the sum average secrecy rate of NOMA mobile users. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to validate our model and theoretical analysis.

Globecom•Dec 1, 2018•13 citations

Physical Layer Security for Keyhole-based NOMA Downlink Systems with a Multi-antenna Eavesdropper

Sang Quang Nguyen, Chi‐Bao Le

This paper investigates the physical layer security of downlink nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems operating over a degenerate keyhole channel in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper. We propose a joint antenna selection framework with transmit antenna selection at the source and receive antenna selection at both legitimate users and eavesdroppers, thus striving to reduce hardware complexity while maximizing secrecy performance. In this framework, the efficacy of confidentiality is assessed for a specific user allocation methodology by deriving the closed-form approximate expression of secrecy outage probability (SOP). Extensive Monte Carlo simulations validate analytical results and reveal that increasing the number of antennas at the source and legitimate users dramatically lowers SOP, whereas a more capable eavesdropper raises the risk of secrecy. Our findings demonstrate that strategic antenna deployment and non-orthogonal access can effectively safeguard communications even through severely scattering environments.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology•Jul 18, 2025•2 citations

On the Security Enhancement of Uplink NOMA Systems With Jammer Selection

Kunrui Cao, Buhong Wang, Haiyang Ding +3 more

We investigate physical layer security of an uplink NOMA system consisting of one base station, multiple users and one eavesdropper. During each uplink transmission, two users are paired to perform NOMA and another user is opportunistically selected from the remaining idle users to act as a friendly jammer to emit artificial noise for confusing the eavesdropper. To enhance the transmission security for the system, we propose two friendly jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission schemes, namely random jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (RJS-UNT) scheme without knowing the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI), and optimal jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (OJS-UNT) scheme where the eavesdropper's CSI is available. For comparison purpose, a non-jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (NJS-UNT) scheme is also considered. Analytical closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes. Also, the asymptotic SOPs are provided to obtain further insights. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the schemes converge to SOP floors with the increasing SNR, while the floors achieved by the RJS-UNT and OJS-UNT schemes are significantly lower than that achieved by the NJS-UNT scheme, showing the security advantage of the proposed schemes.

IEEE Transactions on Communications•Jun 19, 2020•66 citations

Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access network under imperfect CSI

Dinh‐Thuan Do, Minh‐Sang Van Nguyen

In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics•Dec 1, 2021•1 citation
The physical layer security of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is analyzed. A stochastic geometry approach is applied to analyze the coverage probability and effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the kth NOMA user, where a fixed or an adaptive transmission rate can be used. We consider a protected zone around the legitimate terminals to establish an eavesdropper-exclusion area. We assume that the channel state information associated with eavesdroppers is not available at the base station. We also consider that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. The impact of imperfect successive interference cancellation is also taken into account in this paper. Our framework allows to compute, numerically, the wiretap code rates that maximize the EST. In addition, our framework also allows an optimum selection of other system parameters, such as the transmit power or the eavesdropper-exclusion radius.
The physical layer security of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is analyzed. A stochastic geometry approach is applied to analyze the coverage probability and the effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the kth NOMA user, where a fixed or an adaptive transmission rate can be used. A protected zone around the legitimate terminals to establish an eavesdropper-exclusion area. We assume that the channel state information associated with eavesdroppers is not available at the base station. We consider that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. The impact of imperfect successive interference cancellation is also taken into account in this work. Our analysis allows an easy selection of the wiretap code rates that maximizes the EST. Additionally, our framework also allows an optimum selection of other system parameters like the transmit power or the eavesdropper-exclusion radius.
In this paper, we analyze the outage probability and secrecy capacity of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in the presence of an eavesdropper. In order to enhance spectral efficiency, a base station communicates with two users simultaneously in the same frequency band by superpimposing the transmit signals to the users in the power domain. Specifically, the user with the worse channel conditions is allocated higher power such that it is able to directly decode its signal from the received superimposed signal. At the user with the better channel conditions, the interference due to NOMA is processed by successive interference cancelation. Given these system settings and accounting for decoding thresholds, we analyze the outage probability of the NOMA system over Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, based on the locations of the users and eavesdropper, the secrecy capacity is analyzed to assess the level of security provided to the legitimate users in the presence of an eavesdropper. Here, the decoding thresholds of legitimate users and eavesdropper are also included in the analysis of the secrecy capacity. Through numerical results, the effects of network parameters on system performance are assessed as well as the the superiority of NOMA in terms of secrecy capacity over traditional orthogonal multiple access.
Physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems has attracted great attentions. However, the impact of mobility on physical layer security of NOMA systems has not been well studied. In this paper, to fill this gap, we investigate the impact of random mobility on physical layer security of NOMA systems. Considering scenarios where a base station (BS) or access point (AP) communicates to two random mobile users with a passive eavesdropper in two concentric circles, we study the secrecy performance with combinations of two typical random mobility models: random waypoint (RWP) and random direction (RD). A general analytical framework to numerically calculate the average secrecy rates of NOMA mobile users under steady state is provided. By comparing secrecy performance of mobile users with static users, we find that RWP mobile users can achieve higher average secrecy rates than the users with other mobility combinations. Meanwhile, two types of secrecy fairness for mobile users are fully considered and we propose a novel sum average secrecy rate maximization problem, subject to average power limits and users' QoS (quality of service) requirements. Considering eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is unknown to BS, we propose a threshold power allocation strategy to improve the sum average secrecy rate of NOMA mobile users. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to validate our model and theoretical analysis.
This paper investigates the physical layer security of downlink nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems operating over a degenerate keyhole channel in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper. We propose a joint antenna selection framework with transmit antenna selection at the source and receive antenna selection at both legitimate users and eavesdroppers, thus striving to reduce hardware complexity while maximizing secrecy performance. In this framework, the efficacy of confidentiality is assessed for a specific user allocation methodology by deriving the closed-form approximate expression of secrecy outage probability (SOP). Extensive Monte Carlo simulations validate analytical results and reveal that increasing the number of antennas at the source and legitimate users dramatically lowers SOP, whereas a more capable eavesdropper raises the risk of secrecy. Our findings demonstrate that strategic antenna deployment and non-orthogonal access can effectively safeguard communications even through severely scattering environments.
We investigate physical layer security of an uplink NOMA system consisting of one base station, multiple users and one eavesdropper. During each uplink transmission, two users are paired to perform NOMA and another user is opportunistically selected from the remaining idle users to act as a friendly jammer to emit artificial noise for confusing the eavesdropper. To enhance the transmission security for the system, we propose two friendly jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission schemes, namely random jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (RJS-UNT) scheme without knowing the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI), and optimal jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (OJS-UNT) scheme where the eavesdropper's CSI is available. For comparison purpose, a non-jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (NJS-UNT) scheme is also considered. Analytical closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes. Also, the asymptotic SOPs are provided to obtain further insights. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the schemes converge to SOP floors with the increasing SNR, while the floors achieved by the RJS-UNT and OJS-UNT schemes are significantly lower than that achieved by the NJS-UNT scheme, showing the security advantage of the proposed schemes.
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.