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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Long-Distance Quantum Teleportation and High-Dimensional Entanglement Distribution Over Optical Fiber

Hiroki Takesue, Takuya Ikuta

Published Jul 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present two technologies for advanced quantum communication systems. The first is quantum teleportation over 100 km of fiber using highly-efficient superconducting single photon detectors. The second is generation and long-distance distribution of high-dimensional time-bin entanglement, which was enabled by using cascaded delay interferometers.

DOI
10.1109/phosst.2018.8456795

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We present two technologies for advanced quantum communication systems. The first is quantum teleportation over 100 km of fiber using highly-efficient superconducting single photon detectors. The second is generation and long-distance distribution of high-dimensional time-bin entanglement, which was enabled by using cascaded delay interferometers.
Quantum teleportation is essential for many quantum information technologies, including long-distance quantum networks.Using fiber-coupled devices, including state-of-the-art low-noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and off-the-shelf optics, we achieve conditional quantum teleportation of time-bin qubits at the telecommunication wavelength of 1536.5 nm.We measure teleportation fidelities of ≥ 90% that are consistent with an analytical model of our system, which includes realistic imperfections.To demonstrate the compatibility of our setup with deployed quantum networks, we teleport qubits over 22 km of single-mode fiber while transmitting qubits over an additional 22 km of fiber.Our systems, which are compatible with emerging solid-state quantum devices, provide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices.
High-dimensional quantum entanglement can enrich the functionality of quantum information processing. For example, it can enhance the channel capacity for linear optic superdense coding and decrease the error rate threshold of quantum key distribution. Long-distance distribution of a high-dimensional entanglement is essential for such advanced quantum communications over a communications network. Here, we show a long-distance distribution of a four-dimensional entanglement. We employ time-bin entanglement, which is suitable for a fibre transmission, and implement scalable measurements for the high-dimensional entanglement using cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We observe that a pair of time-bin entangled photons has more than 1 bit of secure information capacity over 100 km. Our work constitutes an important step towards secure and dense quantum communications in a large Hilbert space.
Quantum teleportation is an essential quantum operation by which we can transfer an unknown quantum state to a remote location with the help of quantum entanglement and classical communication. Since the first experimental demonstrations using photonic qubits and continuous variables, the distance of photonic quantum teleportation over free space channels has continued to increase and has reached >100 km. On the other hand, quantum teleportation over optical fiber has been challenging, mainly because the multi-fold photon detection that inevitably accompanies quantum teleportation experiments has been very inefficient due to the relatively low detection efficiencies of typical telecom-band single photon detectors. Here, we report efficient quantum teleportation over optical fiber using four high-detection efficiency superconducting nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SNSPD) based on MoSi. These SNSPDs make it possible to perform highly-efficient multi-fold photon measurements, allowing us to confirm that the quantum states of input photons were successfully teleported over 100 km of fiber.
We describe our recent experiment on the distribution of time-bin entangled photon pairs over 300 km of optical fiber, which set a record for long-distance distribution of quantum information.This experiment was achieved by using a high-speed and high signal-to-noise ratio entanglement generation/evaluation setup consisting of periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides and superconducting singlephoton detectors.We observed the violation of Bell's inequality and thus confirmed that the entangled photon pairs preserved the quantum correlation after they were separated by 300 km of fiber.
Entanglement distribution, and quantum teleportation are essential for a functional quantum network [1]. Recent developments in superconducting nano-wire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) can improve such protocols by implementing photon number resolving detection through spatial multiplexing [2] or inherent photon number resolving capabilities [3]. In this report, we demonstrate entanglement generation, distribution, and quantum teleportation for the time-bin encoding scheme, and discuss how photon number resolving can be utilized for further development of quantum networks using time-bin entangled photons.
High-dimensional entanglement enriches our understanding of entanglement and shows many advantages in quantum communications tasks, so its long-distance distribution is a key technology. Here, we use multicore fiber to distribute four-dimensional (4D) entanglement over 11 km. The observed fidelity is F = 0.921 ± 0.001 , which is feasible for high-dimensional quantum networks. We observed the violation of high-dimensional Bell inequality ( I 4 = 2.635 ± 0.014 ) and steering inequality ( S 4 = 1.900 ± 0.003 ) for a 4D system over a distance of 11 km and finally demonstrated 4D quantum key distribution based on entanglement in proof of principle. Our work provides an experimental platform for high-dimensional quantum technologies and enables the intracity high-dimensional quantum network.