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Physical Review A

High-contrast transparency comb of the electromagnetically-induced-transparency memory

Sheng-Jun Yang, Jun Rui, Han-Ning Dai, Xian‐Min Jin, Shuai Chen, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Sep 4, 2018• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum interface of coherent optical field and atomic excitations plays an important role in quantum metrology and quantum information science. The electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) technique has shown versatile and powerful capability in many applications during the last decades. By using efficient EIT-based memory, we directly observed single-photon-level Ramsey interference and also high-contrast spectral transparency comb with a visibility up to about 0.81 at around the resonant line in cold atoms. The interference fringes are mainly influenced by the pulse repetition period, the waveform overlap of the slowed and retrieved signal pulses, and the coherent lifetime of the EIT memory. All these factors have been investigated in detail. Such high-contrast interference fringe may offer us methods for precision measurement and potential applications in areas of atomic clock and magnetometry.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.033802

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Quantum interface of coherent optical field and atomic excitations plays an important role in quantum metrology and quantum information science. The electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) technique has shown versatile and powerful capability in many applications during the last decades. By using efficient EIT-based memory, we directly observed single-photon-level Ramsey interference and also high-contrast spectral transparency comb with a visibility up to about 0.81 at around the resonant line in cold atoms. The interference fringes are mainly influenced by the pulse repetition period, the waveform overlap of the slowed and retrieved signal pulses, and the coherent lifetime of the EIT memory. All these factors have been investigated in detail. Such high-contrast interference fringe may offer us methods for precision measurement and potential applications in areas of atomic clock and magnetometry.
A high-storage efficiency and long-live quantum memory for photons is an essential component for the information processing in long-distance quantum communication and optical quantum computation. We demonstrated a 78% storage efficiency (SE) of coherent light pulses with a cold atomic medium based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also obtained a large fractional delay of 74 at 50% SE, which is the best record to date. The measured fidelity of the memory is better than 90%. The results suggest the EIT light-matter interface can be readily applied to single-photon quantum states. Our work greatly advances the technology of EIT-based quantum memory for the practical quantum information applications.
It was shown by Kocharovskaya and Khanin [Sov. Phys. JETP 63, 945 (1986)] that a comb of optical pulses can induce a ground-state atomic coherence and change the optical response of an atomic medium. In our experiment, we studied the propagation of a comb of optical pulses produced by a mode-locked diode laser in rubidium atomic vapor. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed when the pulse repetition rate is a subharmonic of the hyperfine splitting of the ground state. The width of the EIT resonance is determined by the relaxation rate of the ground-state coherence. Possible applications to magnetometery, atomic clocks, and frequency chains are discussed.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can make an otherwise opaque medium transparent by utilizing quantum coherence. EIT has attracted great interest since the 1990s for its wide applications in metrology, nonlinear and quantum optics, and quantum information science. We present a review on spectral line narrowing mechanisms in EIT-related systems, accounting for linewidths much narrower than expected from the standard mechanisms of Doppler broadening, transit time broadening, magnetic field inhomogeneity and power broadening. Topics covered include Dicke narrowing, atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing, motional narrowing, density narrowing, laser induced narrowing and power-broadening-free resonance. Intuitive pictures are provided to describe the essential physics of each mechanism.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is a promising approach to implement quantumcommunication in quantum system. In this study, quantum coherence and interference in theexcitation pathways of a three-level Λ atomic system leads to the formation of new states of matter(i.e. the dark state). This state decouples itself from the excitation beams leading to phenomenasuch as coherent population trapping (CPT), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).Taking into account quantum coherence and interference in an optically dense electromagneticallyinducedtransparent medium, we investigate the non-destructive storage and retrieval of singlephotonquantum states in the dark state of this dense ensemble of gas phase medium. The storageand retrieval process is based on the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency by whichproperties of a cavity filled with three-level Λ-type atoms are manipulated by an external control field.We demonstrate the peculiar case for the storage and retrieval of time-entangled periodic input pulses(a soliton train) in the dark state by adiabatic photon transfer under conditions of dynamicalimpedance matching. These multiplexed photon states are expected to allow sharing quantuminformation among many users, and are currently of very high demand for applications in longdistanceand multiplexed quantum communication.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is a promising approach to implement quantumcommunication in quantum system. In this study, quantum coherence and interference in theexcitation pathways of a three-level Λ atomic system leads to the formation of new states of matter(i.e. the dark state). This state decouples itself from the excitation beams leading to phenomenasuch as coherent population trapping (CPT), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).Taking into account quantum coherence and interference in an optically dense electromagneticallyinducedtransparent medium, we investigate the non-destructive storage and retrieval of singlephotonquantum states in the dark state of this dense ensemble of gas phase medium. The storageand retrieval process is based on the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency by whichproperties of a cavity filled with three-level Λ-type atoms are manipulated by an external control field.We demonstrate the peculiar case for the storage and retrieval of time-entangled periodic input pulses(a soliton train) in the dark state by adiabatic photon transfer under conditions of dynamicalimpedance matching. These multiplexed photon states are expected to allow sharing quantuminformation among many users, and are currently of very high demand for applications in longdistanceand multiplexed quantum communication.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is the fact that a strong field (called control) resonant with an atomic transition, can make the atomic medium transparent for another field (called signal) resonant with a transition sharing the same excited state. Introduced theoretically and first observed by Harris and co-workers, it has since then given rise to important applications. Significantly, EIT led to the demonstration of slow-light and opened the way to the development of a reversible quantum memory for light, which is a major challenge for quantum information networking.