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Laser Physics Letters

Fermi gas of orbital Feshbach resonance in synthetic 1D+1 dimensional optical lattice

Haiyang Zhang, Fazal Badshah, Abdul Basit, Guo-Qin Ge

Published Sep 4, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we study the orbital Feshbach resonance of an ultracold two-electron 173 Yb Fermi gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice with the Raman coupling between two different nuclear spin states in a two-channel model, an open channel and a closed channel. We find that the Raman coupling strength can prevent formation of Cooper pairs and compress the system, compromising its superfluidity, while in the presence of a synthetic magnetic flux, the Raman laser can promote superfluidity by adjusting the interaction between Cooper pairs, especially for a large orbital Feshbach resonance detuning. Further, we show the significant consequences of the chiral edge current by introducing a synthetic two dimensional lattice. We find that the chiral edge currents vary periodically with the flux. We find that the chiral edge currents in the open channel case may change their directions versus the orbital Feshbach resonance detuning. In contrast, for a closed channel, the detuning merely supports the chiral edge current and the directions of the chiral currents do not change with the variation of the detuning, which means the chirality remains unchanged.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/aadab0

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Abstract In this paper, we study the orbital Feshbach resonance of an ultracold two-electron 173 Yb Fermi gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice with the Raman coupling between two different nuclear spin states in a two-channel model, an open channel and a closed channel. We find that the Raman coupling strength can prevent formation of Cooper pairs and compress the system, compromising its superfluidity, while in the presence of a synthetic magnetic flux, the Raman laser can promote superfluidity by adjusting the interaction between Cooper pairs, especially for a large orbital Feshbach resonance detuning. Further, we show the significant consequences of the chiral edge current by introducing a synthetic two dimensional lattice. We find that the chiral edge currents vary periodically with the flux. We find that the chiral edge currents in the open channel case may change their directions versus the orbital Feshbach resonance detuning. In contrast, for a closed channel, the detuning merely supports the chiral edge current and the directions of the chiral currents do not change with the variation of the detuning, which means the chirality remains unchanged.
In this paper, we study the orbital Feshbach resonance of ultracold two-electron 173 Yb Fermi gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We consider a two-band model under the assumptions of a local-density approximation for the optical lattice potential and a mean-field approximation for the intraband Cooper pairings. We get three crucially important properties for the system, the superfluid-Landau–Fermi-liquid (LFL) crossover corresponding to the tunneling energy, the particle condensation in the momentum space, and the superfluid-LFL phase transition corresponding to the temperature. We explain how to realize and manipulate these properties.
We theoretically investigate the superfluid properties of a two-band gas of 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb Fermi atoms with an orbital Feshbach resonance (OFR). To describe the BCS-BEC crossover region, we include superfluid fluctuations caused by interband and intraband pairing interactions associated with OFR by extending the strong-coupling theory developed by Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink to the two-band case below the superfluid phase transition temperature; however, the effects of an experimentally inaccessible deep bound state are removed to model a real 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb Fermi gas near OFR. We show that the condensate fraction in the upper closed channel gradually becomes smaller than that in the lower open channel as one moves from the strong- to the weak-coupling regime, because the OFR-pairing mechanism tunes the interaction strengths by adjusting the energy difference between the two bands. However, even when the closed-channel band is much higher in energy than the open-channel band in the weak-coupling regime, the magnitude of the superfluid order parameter in the closed channel is found to be still comparable to that in the open channel. As the reason for this, we point out a pair-tunneling effect by the OFR-induced interband interaction. In addition to these superfluid quantities, we also examine collective modes, such as the Goldstone mode, the Schmid (Higgs) mode, and Leggett mode, to clarify how they appear in the spectral weights of pair-correlation functions in each band. Since the realization of a multiband superfluid Fermi gas is a crucial issue in cold Fermi gas physics, our results would contribute to the basic understanding of this type of Fermi superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover region.
The orbital Feshbach resonance (OFR) is a recently developed scheme for magnetically tuning the interactions in closed-shell fermionic atoms. Remarkably, unlike the Feshbach resonances in alkali-metal atoms, the open and closed channels of the OFR are only very weakly detuned in energy. This leads to a unique effect whereby a medium in the closed channel can Pauli block---or frustrate---the two-body scattering processes. Here, we theoretically investigate the impact of frustration in the few- and many-body limits of the experimentally accessible three-dimensional 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb system. We find that by adding a closed-channel atom to the two-body problem the binding energy of the ground state is significantly suppressed, and by introducing a closed-channel Fermi sea to the many-body problem we can drive the system towards weaker fermion pairing. These results are potentially relevant to superconductivity in solid-state multiband materials, as well as to the current and continuing exploration of unconventional Fermi-gas superfluids near the OFR.
We demonstrate a novel way of synthesizing spin-orbit interactions in ultracold quantum gases, based on a single-photon optical clock transition coupling two long-lived electronic states of two-electron ^{173}Yb atoms. By mapping the electronic states onto effective sites along a synthetic "electronic" dimension, we have engineered fermionic ladders with synthetic magnetic flux in an experimental configuration that has allowed us to achieve uniform fluxes on a lattice with minimal requirements and unprecedented tunability. We have detected the spin-orbit coupling with fiber-link-enhanced clock spectroscopy and directly measured the emergence of chiral edge currents, probing them as a function of the flux. These results open new directions for the investigation of topological states of matter with ultracold atomic gases.
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in ultracold atoms is engineered by light-atom interaction, such as two-photon Raman transitions between two Zeeman spin states. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize chiral Raman coupling to generate SOC in ultracold atomic gases, which exhibits high quantization axis direction dependence. Chiral Raman coupling for SOC is created by chiral light-atom interaction, in which a circularly polarized electromagnetic field generated by two Raman lasers interacts with two Zeeman spin states $\ensuremath{\delta}{m}_{F}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ (chiral transition). We present a simple scheme of chiral one-dimensional (1D) Raman coupling by employing two Raman lasers at an intersecting angle ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ with the proper polarization configuration. In this case, Raman coupling for SOC exists in one direction of the magnetic quantization axis and disappears in the opposite direction. Then we extend this scheme into a chiral two-dimensional (2D) optical square Raman lattice configuration to generate the 1D SOC. There are two orthogonal 1D SOCs, which exist in the positive and negative directions of the magnetic quantization axis respectively. This case is compared with 2D SOC based on the nonchiral 2D optical Raman lattice scheme for studying the topological energy band. This paper broadens the horizon for understanding chiral physics and simulating topological quantum systems.
We study the effects of synthetic spin-orbit coupling on the pairing physics in quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases of alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms near an orbital Feshbach resonance (OFR). The interplay between spin-orbit coupling and pairing interactions near the OFR leads to an interesting topological Fulde-Ferrell state, where the nontrivial topology of the state is solely encoded in the closed channel with a topologically trivial Fulde-Ferrell pairing in the open channel. We confirm the topological property of the system by characterizing the Zak phase and the edge states. The topological Fulde-Ferrell state can be identified by the momentum-space density distribution obtained from time-of-flight images.