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IEEE Access

Secrecy Performance Analysis for Fixed-Gain Energy Harvesting in an Internet of Things With Untrusted Relays

Van Nhan Vo, Duc‐Dung Tran, Chakchai So–In, Hung Tran

Published Jan 1, 2018• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) and security issues in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks with multiple untrusted relays are considered. In particular, the communication protocol is divided into two phases. The first phase is used for EH, in which the IoT sensor nodes (SNs) and relays harvest energy from multiple power transfer stations. The second phase is used for information transmission in two steps: 1) the selected SN uses the harvested energy to broadcast information to the controller and the relays, and 2) the selected relay forwards information to the controller by applying the amplify-and-forward protocol to improve the quality of the communication between the SN and the controller. During information transmission, the controller is at risk of losing information because the relay may act as an eavesdropper (namely, an untrusted relay). Thus, to improve the secrecy performance of the considered system, we propose an optimal scheme, namely, best-sensor-best-untrusted-relay (BSBR) and compare this scheme with random-sensor-random-untrusted-relay and a threshold-based scheme. The closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy throughput (ST) are obtained and verified through Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the superior performance of our approach. EH time optimization and the target secrecy rate optimization algorithms are also proposed. In addition, the impacts of the EH time, the EH efficiency coefficient, the numbers of SNs and untrusted relays, and the target secrecy rate on the SOP and the ST are investigated. The results indicate that the BSBR generally outperforms the two baseline schemes in terms of the SOP and ST.

DOI
10.1109/access.2018.2867500

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In this paper, the radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) and security issues in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks with multiple untrusted relays are considered. In particular, the communication protocol is divided into two phases. The first phase is used for EH, in which the IoT sensor nodes (SNs) and relays harvest energy from multiple power transfer stations. The second phase is used for information transmission in two steps: 1) the selected SN uses the harvested energy to broadcast information to the controller and the relays, and 2) the selected relay forwards information to the controller by applying the amplify-and-forward protocol to improve the quality of the communication between the SN and the controller. During information transmission, the controller is at risk of losing information because the relay may act as an eavesdropper (namely, an untrusted relay). Thus, to improve the secrecy performance of the considered system, we propose an optimal scheme, namely, best-sensor-best-untrusted-relay (BSBR) and compare this scheme with random-sensor-random-untrusted-relay and a threshold-based scheme. The closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy throughput (ST) are obtained and verified through Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the superior performance of our approach. EH time optimization and the target secrecy rate optimization algorithms are also proposed. In addition, the impacts of the EH time, the EH efficiency coefficient, the numbers of SNs and untrusted relays, and the target secrecy rate on the SOP and the ST are investigated. The results indicate that the BSBR generally outperforms the two baseline schemes in terms of the SOP and ST.
In this paper, we study radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) in a wireless sensor network in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (EAVs). Specifically, the sensor source and multiple sensor relays harvest energy from multiple power transfer stations (PTSs), and then, the source uses this harvested energy to transmit information to the base station (BS) with the help of the relays. During the transmission of information, the BS typically faces a risk of losing information due to the EAVs. Thus, to enhance the secrecy of the considered system, one of the relays acts as a jammer, using harvested energy to generate interference with the EAVs. We propose a best-relay-and-best-jammer scheme for this purpose and compare this scheme with other previous schemes. The exact closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) is obtained and is validated through Monte Carlo simulations. A near-optimal EH time algorithm is also proposed. In addition, the effects on the SOP of key system parameters such as the EH efficiency coefficient, the EH time, the distance between the relay and BS, the number of PTSs, the number of relays, and the number of EAVs are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed scheme generally outperforms both the best-relay-and-random-jammer scheme and the random-relay-and-best-jammer scheme in terms of the secrecy capacity.
In this paper, we investigate the security of relay wiretap networks for internet of things (IoT), in which a transmitter sends the information to the receiver with the help of the energy limited relays. Specifically, the optimal relay selection based on two energy harvesting (EH) schemes, i.e., power splitting relay protocol (PSR) and time switching relay protocol (TSR), are introduced to improve the secrecy performance of the considered system. On this basis, the exact closed-form secrecy outage probability (SOP) expressions of the system with two EH protocols are derived, respectively. Further, for more deep insights, the asymptotic SOP expressions are also achieved with infinity number of relays. From the results, we can conclude that the PSR protocol is better than TSR in terms of improving the secrecy performance of relay wiretap networks.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) of a wireless sensor network (WSN) that consists of a base station (BS), multiple sensor nodes (SNs), and multiple energy-limited relays (ERs) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (EAV). We adopt a time-switching/power-splitting (TSPS) mechanism for information transmission. The communication protocol is divided into two phases. The purpose of the first phase is to decode information, and energy harvesting (EH) is performed in accordance with the TSPS protocol. The purpose of the second phase is to transmit information to multiple destinations using the amplify-and-forward (AF) technique. In this study, we introduce a multirelay cooperative scheme (MRCS) to improve the secrecy performance. We derive analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the MRCS and that of the noncooperative relay scheme (NCRS) by using the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Specifically, we propose an optimal relay selection scheme to guarantee the security of the system for the MRCS. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to confirm the accuracy of our analysis based on simulations of the secrecy performance under various system parameters, such as the positions and number of ERs, the EH time, and the EH efficiency coefficients. Finally, the simulation results show that the secrecy performance of our MRCS is higher than that of the NCRS and the traditional cooperative relay scheme (TCRS).
Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide ubiquitous intelligence and pervasive interconnections to a variety of devices, is becoming a vital component of building the intelligent world. In this work we propose a new relay and jammer selection method to improve physical layer security (PLS) and energy efficiency for the IoT network with energy harvesting (EH) devices. In this method, the intermediate nodes are allowed to use time switching (TS) protocol to harvest energy from power transfer stations (PTS). By taking the channel gain between the PTSs and the intermediate nodes into consideration, two intermediate nodes are selected as relay and jammer respectively to transmit confidential and jamming signals to the destination and eavesdropper aiming at minimizing the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We further analyze the secrecy outage of the system and derive the closed-form expression of SOP. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed method.
This paper investigates the physical layer secrecy performance of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) relaying networks based on the combination of time switching-adaptive power splitting (TSAPS) and best relay selection (BRS) schemes. Specifically, the system consists of one source, one destination and multiple energy-constrained decode-and-forward (DF) relays which help the source transmit information to the destination, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In this setting, the relays harvest RF energy from the source signal to power their relaying transmission, in which power splitting ratio self-adjustment policy and best relay selection scheme are utilized. To characterize the secrecy performance, the exact closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability for random relay selection and best relay selection are derived. In addition, the comparison to random relay selection is presented to verify the efficiency in terms of secrecy outage probability of the proposed protocol. Finally, the numerical and simulation results are also provided to evaluate the impact of the key parameters on the secrecy performance and confirm the correctness of our analysis.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of a wireless-powered multi-antenna relaying system, which consists of a source(S)\boldsymbol {(S)}(S), a destination(D)\boldsymbol {(D)}(D),N(N>1)\boldsymbol {N (N>1)}N(N>1)relays (Rs), a power beacon(B)\boldsymbol {(B)}(B), and an eavesdropper(E)\boldsymbol {(E)}(E), is studied in the presence of imperfect channel state information at Rs. Both S and Rs are assumed to be with nonlinear energy harvesters, and harvest energy from radio-frequency signals from B through a time-switching harvesting scheme. Assuming Rs deploy decode-and-forward scheme, a generalK\boldsymbol {K}Kth best relay in terms of instantaneous secrecy capacity for S-R-D link is selected for information transmission. An analytical expression for secrecy outage probability (SOP), validated via Monte Carlo simulation, is derived when all channels experience independent Rayleigh fading. Numerical results show that a higher correlation coefficient between the estimated and real channel values leads to better SOP performance when the ratio of the channel gains of R-D and R-E links is in the high region for the first hop or in the low-to-medium region for the second hop. Furthermore, there exists a special value of the saturation threshold of the energy harvester at S or R, and SOP performance cannot be improved when the saturation threshold is beyond that value.