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Nanosystems Physics Chemistry Mathematics

Wave dynamics on timedepending graph with Aharonov–Bohm ring

Еремин Дмитрий Александрович, E.N. Grishanov, D S Nikiforov, I. Yu. Popov

Published Aug 27, 2018• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Aharonov-Bohm ring (AB ring) is an element frequently used in nanosystems.The paper deals with wave dynamics on quantum graph consisting of AB ring coupled to a segment.It is assumed that the lengths of the edges vary in time.Variable replacement is made to come to the problem for stationary geometric graph.The obtained equation is solved using the expansion with respect to a complete system of eigenfunctions of the unperturbed self-adjoint operator for the stationary graph.The coefficients of the expansion are found as solutions of a system of differential equations numerically.The influence of the magnetic field is studied.The comparison with the case of stable geometric graph is made.

DOI
10.17586/2220-8054-2018-9-4-457-463

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•Jan 1, 1996•2 citations
Aharonov-Bohm ring (AB ring) is an element frequently used in nanosystems.The paper deals with wave dynamics on quantum graph consisting of AB ring coupled to a segment.It is assumed that the lengths of the edges vary in time.Variable replacement is made to come to the problem for stationary geometric graph.The obtained equation is solved using the expansion with respect to a complete system of eigenfunctions of the unperturbed self-adjoint operator for the stationary graph.The coefficients of the expansion are found as solutions of a system of differential equations numerically.The influence of the magnetic field is studied.The comparison with the case of stable geometric graph is made.
In this paper, we study the quantum dynamics of an electron/hole in a two-dimensional quantum ring within a spherical space. For this geometry, we consider a harmonic confining potential. Suggesting that the quantum ring is affected by the presence of an Aharonov–Bohm flux and a uniform magnetic field, we solve the Schrödinger equation for this problem and obtain exactly the eigenvalues of energy and corresponding eigenfunctions for this nanometric quantum system. Afterwards, we calculate the magnetization and persistent current are calculated, and discuss influence of curvature of space on these values.
Invariant operator method for discrete or continuous spectrum eigenvalue and unitary transformation approach are employed to study the two-dimensional time-dependent Pauli equation in presence of the Aharonov–Bohm effect (AB) and external scalar potential. For the spin particles the problem with the magnetic field is that it introduces a singularity into wave equation at the origin. A physical motivation is to replace the zero radius flux tube by one of radius R, with the additional condition that the magnetic field be confined to the surface of the tube, and then taking the limit R → 0 at the end of the computations. We point that the invariant operator must contain the step function θ(r – R). Consequently, the problem becomes more complicated. In order to avoid this difficulty, we replace the radius R by ρ(t)R, where ρ(t) is a positive time-dependent function. Then at the end of calculations we take the limit R → 0. The qualitative properties for the invariant operator spectrum are described separately for the different values of the parameter C appearing in the nonlinear auxiliary equation satisfied by ρ(t), i.e., C > 0, C = 0, and C < 0. Following the C's values the spectrum of quantum states is discrete (C > 0) or continuous (C ≤ 0).
The wave packet of electron hoping through quantum rings under the static magnetic field is solved by transformation to the canonical form of certain system of differential equations. The Lorentz force leads to electron asymmetry which enhances the electron passing through a quantum ring while the Aharanov›Bohm effect (AB effect) reduces the probability of transmis- sion by phase shifted interference. For zero or similar magnetic field of both rings, the wave packet can pass both quantum rings to the exit quantum wire while different magnetic field of both rings prevent the second ringus injection of electron.
The time-dependent Dirac equation is solved using the three-dimensional Finite Difference-Time Domain (FDTD) method. The dynamics of the electron wave packet in a vector potential is studied in the arrangements associated with the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The solution of the Dirac equation showed a change in the velocity of the electron wave packet even in a region where no fields of the unperturbed solenoid acted on the electron. The solution of the Dirac equation qualitatively agreed with the prediction of classical dynamics under the assumption that the dynamics was defined by the conservation of generalized or canonical momentum of the electron.
The formulation of Berry for the Aharonov-Bohm effect is generalized to the relativistic regime. Then, the problem of finding the self-adjoint extensions of the (2+1)-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian, in an Aharonov-Bohm background potential, is solved in a novel way. The same treatment also solves the problem of finding the self-adjoint extensions of the Dirac Hamiltonian in a background Aharonov-Casher. PACS: 03.65.Bz, 03.65.Pm Typeset using REVTEX 1 A novel systematics for the computation of the energy eigenfunctions of a spinless electrically charged nonrelativistic particle in the presence of an Aharonov-Bohm [1] external potential, was put forward by Berry [2] sometime ago. We propose here a generalization of this systematics to the case where the particle is a relativistic electron. As will be shown, the set of eigenfunctions found through this generalization serves as a basis for writing any function in the domain of self-adjointness of the corresponding Dirac Hamiltonian. This corroborates the correctness of our proposal, which can also be used to obtain the selfadjoint extensions of the Dirac Hamiltonian in an Aharonov-Casher [3] background field. The extension of Berry’s ideas to the relativistic regime is the original contribution in this work. To make this paper self contained, we start by reviewing the main features of Berry’s formulation [2]. As known, the Hamiltonian operator H(⃗r, ⃗p) describing the dynamics of a spinless two-dimensional nonrelativistic particle (mass m and electric charge e) in the presence of an external static magnetic field B (B = ⃗ ∇ × ⃗ ( A) is H(⃗r, ⃗p) = H0 ⃗r, ⃗p − e ⃗ A(⃗r)) where ⃗r ≡ (x1, x2) are the particle coordinates, ⃗p ≡ (p1, p2) are the corresponding canonically conjugate momenta and H0(⃗r, ⃗p) is the free particle Hamiltonian. The energy eigenfunctions of the operator H can formally be constructed in terms of those of H0 as follows [4] ψ(⃗r) = ψ0(⃗r) exp ie ⃗r