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MATEC Web of Conferences

A New Explanation for the Color Variety of Photons

Gh. Saleh, M. J. Faraji, R. Alizadeh, A. Dalili

Published Jan 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This new explanation is based onWave-Particle DualityandNewtonian Lawsand represents a unique definition of a three-dimensional motion for the photon, whose dual behavior is partly explained by thedouble-slit experimentof Thomas Young, who represents the photon's motion as a wave, and by thePhotoelectric effect, in which the photon is considered as a particle. However, for scientists, the photon's true motion is unclear. In this article, we define a new type of motion for photons to solve both this ambiguity and the difficulty of presenting a three-dimensional trajectory for the photon's motion, and present a new formula to calculate its energy. In addition, because we believe in the helical motion of photons, where r is the gyroradius, we believe that their color is an effect of the order of magnitude ofr. We present real examples that prove our energy formula.

DOI
10.1051/matecconf/201818601003

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Innovative Research Thoughts•Mar 30, 2018•0 citations
This new explanation is based onWave-Particle DualityandNewtonian Lawsand represents a unique definition of a three-dimensional motion for the photon, whose dual behavior is partly explained by thedouble-slit experimentof Thomas Young, who represents the photon's motion as a wave, and by thePhotoelectric effect, in which the photon is considered as a particle. However, for scientists, the photon's true motion is unclear. In this article, we define a new type of motion for photons to solve both this ambiguity and the difficulty of presenting a three-dimensional trajectory for the photon's motion, and present a new formula to calculate its energy. In addition, because we believe in the helical motion of photons, where r is the gyroradius, we believe that their color is an effect of the order of magnitude ofr. We present real examples that prove our energy formula.
Since the establishment of modern optics, the physical nature of light has been debated for centuries, which finally led to the mainstream theory of waveparticle duality. This theory holds that photons intrinsically possess both particle and wave properties, and it is adopted to interpret diverse optical phenomena including rectilinear propagation, polarization, interference and diffraction, forming the fundamental framework of modern quantum optics. Nevertheless, the theory of waveparticle duality contains inherent logical defects. Its essential flaw lies in confusing two completely distinct physical concepts: the intrinsic properties of a substance itself and the morphological features of its motion trajectory. Conventional theories mistake the apparent waveshaped trajectory produced by particle motion for the intrinsic wave property of microparticles, resulting in persistent conceptual ambiguity, missing physical mechanisms and logical inconsistencies within microoptics. This paper constructs an optical underlying model from a purely particle perspective to clarify the real mechanism behind waveparticle phenomena of light. A photon is an indivisible, nonspreading, nontrailing pointlike physical particle with no intrinsic wave property. While propagating, a photon travels along a fixed straightline direction and undergoes inherent transverse oscillation within the plane perpendicular to its propagation direction. At the moment of its generation, a photon uniquely fixes its transverse oscillation angle, amplitude and frequency within the 360degree plane perpendicular to its travelling direction. Once determined, these parameters remain constant throughout propagation without random shifts or arbitrary changes. Superposition of the photon’s longitudinal rectilinear motion and fixedangle transverse oscillation generates a standard sinusoidal trajectory. Consequently, all wavelike features observed in optics are geometric apparent effects originating from particle motion trajectories, rather than material properties intrinsic to photons. Based on this model, this paper reinterprets the core physical mechanism behind doubleslit interference. Contrary to the traditional explanation of photon selfinterference or wavefield superposition, interference fringes arise from microscopic mechanical interactions between transverselyoscillating photons and slit walls when photons pass through the slits. Such interactions regularly deflect photon flight angles. After being deflected and filtered by slits, large numbers of photons form uneven statistical distributions on the receiving plane and produce macroscopically observable lightanddark fringes. This paper also defines the threshold for photonphoton interactions. Ordinaryenergy photons such as visiblelight, infrared and ultraviolet photons do not interact, collide or exchange energy with one another in free space. Only gammaraylevel highenergy photons may collide, undergo energy annihilation, and convert into material particles such as electronpositron pairs. Relying entirely on classical mechanical superposition principles and discarding the contradictory hypothesis of waveparticle duality, the proposed purelyparticle model provides selfconsistent explanations for core classical optical phenomena and achieves analytical revision for the underlying logic of optical waveparticle phenomena.
The enigma of the wave-particle duality of photon has remained unimpressively explained for a century since Einstein presents the concept of the photon in 1905. This article establishes a classical geometric structure model of a single photon based on fleld matter, educes a formula for the size of a photon; assumes that there only are two kinds of photon of right hand and left hand circular polarized, and suggests the frequency ! of photon polarization rotated to be its spin frequency. It ascribes the wavelike of photon to its spin motion and the particle-like to its translation motion. From the point of photon particle instead of wave view to re-analyze Young's double-slit interference and polarizer experiments, gives reasonable mechanism. It deflnes the phase velocity and the group velocity of a photon. It gives a unifled and consistent understanding of quantum particle of light and classical electromagnetic waves fleld. Evidently, such a precisely deflned conceptual model is reasonable, objective and easy to accept for classical physicists. The puzzle (1) of the wave-particle duality of light has remained unsatisfactorily explained nearly a century since Albert Einstein flrst proposed the photon, the quantum unit of light ‡ E=~!; ~=~ ~ ·
How can we construct a picture of the photon from the wealth of observation material available to us? The photon appears to have a split personality: it is neither a wave nor a particle but something else which, depending on the experimental situation, exhibits a wave- or a particle-like behavior. In other words, in the photon (as in material particles such as the electron) the particle–wave dualism becomes manifest. Whereas classically the wave and the particle pictures are separate, quantum mechanics accomplishes a formal synthesis through a unified mathematical treatment. Let us look first at the wave aspect familiar from classical electrodynamics, which seems to be the most natural description. It makes all the different interference phenomena understandable, such as the “interference of the photon with itself” on the one hand and the appearance of spatial and temporal intensity correlations in a thermal radiation field on the other (which are obviously brought about by superposition of elementary waves emitted independently from different atoms). It might come as a surprise (at least for those having quantum mechanical preconceptions) that the classical theory is valid down to arbitrarily small intensities: the visibility of the interference pattern does not deteriorate even for very small intensities – the zero point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field advocated by quantum mechanics do not have a disturbing effect – and is valid not only for conventional interference experiments but also for interference between independently generated light beams (in the form of laser light).
Name: Omiros (Homer) PapadopoulosTitle: The Double Slit Experiment: Particle or Wave? (Or both?)Abstract: One of the most famous and oldest Quantum Physics experiments, thedouble slit experiment, demonstrated that light acts both as particles, as well aswaves. First executed in 1801 by Thomas Young, it additionally proved that other particlescan act in the same way, and played a vital role in the development of Particlephysics. This presentation will explain both the science behind it, as well as featuringa demonstration of the experiment itself.The Presentation involves a theoretical segment and a practical segment, where theexperiment is demonstrated.
The double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics is an experiment devised by physicist Thomas Young. It shows that light has both a wave nature or characteristic and a particle nature or characteristic, and that these natures are inseparable. So light is said to have wave–particle duality rather than be only a wave or only a particle. The same is true of electrons and other quantum particles. Although Christiaan Huygens thought that light was a wave, Isaac Newton did not. Newton felt that there were other explanations for color, and for the interference and diffraction effects that were observable at the time. Owing to Newton’s tremendous stature, his view generally prevailed. The fact that Huygens’s principle worked was not considered evidence that was direct enough to prove that light is a wave. The acceptance of the wave character of light came many years later when, in 1801, the English physicist and physician Thomas Young (1773–1829) did his now-classic double slit experiment