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Production of two simultaneously trapped Bose-Einstein condensates by RF coupling in a TOP trap

Judy L. Martin, Callum R. McKenzie, Nicky Thomas, D. M. Warrington, A. C. Wilson

Published Dec 3, 1999• 2 citations
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Radio-frequency coupling of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a TOP trap

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A radio-frequency (RF) transition is used to convert a pure F = 2, m F = 2 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a TOP trap into a mixture of F = 2, m F = 2 and F = 2, m F = 1 states. We show that the nature of this coupling process is strongly influenced by the presence of the time-varying field of the TOP trap, and complicated by the presence of multiple Zeeman substates. In particular, the effective Rabi frequency associated with the applied RF field is not constant across the spatial extent of the cloud leading to a complex geometry for atom-laser output coupling and `averaging out' of Rabi oscillations. Further, a time-varying detuning can give rise to complex spatial structures.

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Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation of 87Rb in a Time-orbiting Potential Trap

M. Siercke

The construction of an apparatus capable of producing Bose-Einstein condensates marks a significant milestone in every experimental cold atom laboratory. In this thesis I describe the development of a system to create a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}Rb$ in a Time-Orbiting Potential trap.\n\nI review the optical and magnetic techniques required to trap and cool an atomic sample under vacuum, motivating our decision to build a double MOT system comprised of a high-pressure ($10^{-9}$ torr) chamber to gather atoms and a low-pressure ($10^{-11}$ torr) chamber to cool atoms to degeneracy.\n\nBy theoretically modeling the atom number and temperature inside the magnetic trap during evaporative cooling I demonstrate a simple approach to determining a cooling path that reaches the transition temperature. By making use of the condensates produced under these non-optimized conditions I determine the heating rate of the condensate in the TOP trap to be $300$ nK/s. I further use the condensates to make a more precise measurement of the TOP trap bias field.\n\nI improve upon the conventional evaporation path used in TOP trap experiments by introducing and optimizing additional bias field compression stages in between RF evaporation ramps. I demonstrate how, by adding these additional stages, the system is capable of reaching the BEC phase transition with a final atom number of $2\\times 10^{5}$. In contrast, RF evaporation after only a single bias field ramp has yielded condensates with only $30\\times 10^3$ atoms.

•Jun 13, 2011•1 citation
A radio-frequency (RF) transition is used to convert a pure F = 2, m F = 2 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a TOP trap into a mixture of F = 2, m F = 2 and F = 2, m F = 1 states. We show that the nature of this coupling process is strongly influenced by the presence of the time-varying field of the TOP trap, and complicated by the presence of multiple Zeeman substates. In particular, the effective Rabi frequency associated with the applied RF field is not constant across the spatial extent of the cloud leading to a complex geometry for atom-laser output coupling and `averaging out' of Rabi oscillations. Further, a time-varying detuning can give rise to complex spatial structures.
The construction of an apparatus capable of producing Bose-Einstein condensates marks a significant milestone in every experimental cold atom laboratory. In this thesis I describe the development of a system to create a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb in a Time-Orbiting Potential trap.\n\nI review the optical and magnetic techniques required to trap and cool an atomic sample under vacuum, motivating our decision to build a double MOT system comprised of a high-pressure (10−910^{-9}10−9 torr) chamber to gather atoms and a low-pressure (10−1110^{-11}10−11 torr) chamber to cool atoms to degeneracy.\n\nBy theoretically modeling the atom number and temperature inside the magnetic trap during evaporative cooling I demonstrate a simple approach to determining a cooling path that reaches the transition temperature. By making use of the condensates produced under these non-optimized conditions I determine the heating rate of the condensate in the TOP trap to be 300300300 nK/s. I further use the condensates to make a more precise measurement of the TOP trap bias field.\n\nI improve upon the conventional evaporation path used in TOP trap experiments by introducing and optimizing additional bias field compression stages in between RF evaporation ramps. I demonstrate how, by adding these additional stages, the system is capable of reaching the BEC phase transition with a final atom number of 2times1052\\times 10^{5}2times105. In contrast, RF evaporation after only a single bias field ramp has yielded condensates with only 30times10330\\times 10^330times103 atoms.