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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Coherent optical cooling of rare-earth-doped nanocrystals

Tatiana Vovk, Andrei V. Ivanov, Yu. Rozhdestvensky

Published Jun 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the translational optical cooling of Yb3+-doped nanocrystals by Raman optical pulses. We describe the coherent interaction between the optical pulses and impurity ions and estimate the temperature corresponding to the nanocrystal's transition into the macroscopic quantum state. Our cooling scheme can be applied in the fundamental studies on the properties of solid matter.

DOI
10.1109/lo.2018.8435636

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We consider the translational optical cooling of Yb3+-doped nanocrystals by Raman optical pulses. We describe the coherent interaction between the optical pulses and impurity ions and estimate the temperature corresponding to the nanocrystal's transition into the macroscopic quantum state. Our cooling scheme can be applied in the fundamental studies on the properties of solid matter.
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Laser cooling and trapping of Yb3+:YAG nano-crystals has been theoretically investigated. It has been shown that in the system of Yb3+:YAG nano-crystals pumped at 1030 nm in the long wavelength tail of the Yb3+ absorption spectrum both internal and translational laser cooling processes take place. The internal laser cooling process based on anti-Stokes fluorescence serves as a supplementary process to translational cooling of rare-earth (RE) doped nano-crystals. The internal laser cooling process can help to reach lower equilibrium translational temperatures of RE-doped nano-crystals.
As of today, one of the milestones in quantum theory testing is obtaining of macroscopic quantum states, for which very low temperatures are necessary. Such low energies can be present during optical and optomechanical cooling of nanostructures. Here we investigate the deep cooling of ytterbium-doped fluorite nanocrystal via coherent population transfer techniques. We consider two main approaches towards coherent transfer, namely, Raman pulses and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, and search for the most efficient cooling parameters. Optimization of the process of deep nanocrystal cooling opens up possibilities for various applications and technologies.
This review focuses on optical refrigeration with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of rare-earth (RE)-doped low-phonon micro- and nanocrystals. Contrary to bulk samples, where the thermal energy is contained in internal vibrational modes (phonons), the thermal energy of nanoparticles is contained in both the translational motion and internal vibrational (phonons) modes of the sample. Much theoretical and experimental research is currently devoted to the laser cooling of nanoparticles. In the majority of the related work, only the translational energy of the particles has been suppressed. In this review, the latest achievements in hybrid optical refrigeration of RE-doped low-phonon micro- and nanoparticles are presented. Hybrid cooling permits the suppression of not only the translational energy of the RE-doped particles, but also their internal vibrational phonon thermal energy. Laser cooling of nanoparticles is not a simple task. Mie resonances can be used to enhance laser cooling with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of nanoparticles made of low-phonon RE-doped solids. Laser-cooled nanoparticles is a promising tool for fundamental quantum-mechanical studies, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and precision measurements of forces.
Laser cooling of solids, also known as optical refrigeration, is an area of optical science investigating the interaction of light with condensed matter to remove thermal energy of a solid through the interaction of the pump photons and phonons in a solid. Apart from being of fundamental scientific interest, this topic addresses a number of important practical issues such as the development of all solid state optical cryo-coolers, and biological applications. A short history of laser cooling as well as latest achievement of optical refrigeration in rare-earth (RE) doped macro-samples are presented and discussed in the paper. The main technique of laser cooling of RE doped solids based on anti-Stokes fluorescence is presented in this paper. The new approach to optical refrigeration based on the Raman cooling is also considered. It is shown that the future prospects of the research are connected with laser cooling of μm- and nm-sized samples, are in their applications in biophysics in the fundamental studies of low-temperature physics.
A new approach to cool rare earth doped solids with optical super-radiance (SR) is presented. SR is the coherent, sharply directed spontaneous emission of photons by a system excited with a pulsed laser. We consider an Yb3+ doped ZBLAN sample pumped at the wavelength 1015nm with a rectangular pulsed source with a power of ~700W and duration of 20ns. The intensity of the SR is proportional to the square of the number of excited ions. This unique feature of SR permits an increase in the rate of the cooling process in comparison with the traditional laser cooling of the rare earth doped solids with anti-Stokes spontaneous incoherent radiation (fluorescence). This scheme overcomes the limitation of using only low phonon energy glasses for laser cooling.