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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Purcell effect in a disordered photonic crystals

Konstantin M. Morozov, Azat R. Gubaydullin, Konstantin A. Ivanov, Galia Pozina, M. A. Kaliteevski

Published Jun 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that disorder in photonic crystals could lead to a modification of spontaneous emission rate in the frequency region corresponding to a photonic band gap (PBG). Depending on the amount of disorder two different regimes of Purcell effect occurs occurs. For weak disorder Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission occurs at PBG edges, for strong disorder at PBG centre.

DOI
10.1109/lo.2018.8435717

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We demonstrate that disorder in photonic crystals could lead to a modification of spontaneous emission rate in the frequency region corresponding to a photonic band gap (PBG). Depending on the amount of disorder two different regimes of Purcell effect occurs occurs. For weak disorder Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission occurs at PBG edges, for strong disorder at PBG centre.
Was provided statistical analysis of Purcell effect dependence on emission frequency and emitter position in disordered structure. Fact that the presence of disorder in one-dimensional photonic crystals could lead to a modification of spontaneous emission rate in the frequency region corresponding to a photonic band gap (PBG) was demonstrated. Was shown, that amount of disorder regulates the two different regimes of the Purcell effect. In case of weak disorder Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission occurs at PBG edges, and in case of strong disorder at PBG centre.
We consider the one-dimensional problem of imperfections' influence on the Purcell effect in photonic crystal system. We demonstrate that the presence of disorder in a one-dimensional photonic crystal can lead to a modification of the spontaneous emission rate in the photonic band gap (PBG) frequency region. We show that the amount of disorder regulates two different scenarios of the Purcell effect modification. In the case of weak disorder, the Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission occurs at PBG edges, and, in the case of strong disorder, it occurs at PBG centre.
The novel dynamical and spectral features of (single photon) spontaneous emission from an atomic transition near a photonic band edge are investigated by frustrating these features by spontaneous emission through another atomic transition far from the photonic band edge and deep in the photon continuum, the two atomic transitions forming the two dipole-allowed transitions of a three-level atom in a Λ configuration. Though spontaneous emission through the atomic transition far from the photonic band edge (the “far” transition) is not directly affected by the photonic band gap (PBG), it is indirectly affected by the PBG through its coupling to the atomic transition near the photonic band edge (the “near” transition) via the Λ configuration. As a result of this coupling, spontaneous emission through the “far” transition can be used as a probe to measure the strength of the effects of the PBG on spontaneous emission through the “near” transition. We have shown that the effects of the PBG on spontaneous emission via the “near” transition are strongly affected (and, therefore, can be controlled by) not only by the detuning of the “near” transition from photonic band edge but also by the vacuum decay rate of spontaneous emission through the “far” transition which is coupled to the “near” transition through the Λ configuration. In particular, we have shown that the oscillatory behavior of spontaneous emission near a photonic band edge as well as the Autler-Townes doublet of the spontaneous emission spectrum (due to the splitting of the atomic level near the photonic band edge) are strongly dependent on the decay rate of spontaneous emission through the probe transition which is far from the band edge.
Localized fields in the defect mode of one-dimensional photonic crystals with active impurity are studied with the help of the theory of spontaneous emission from two-level atoms embedded in photonic crystals. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the enhancement of stimulated radiation, as well as the phenomena of transmissivity larger than unity and the abnormality of group velocity close to the edges of photonic band gap, are related to the negative imaginary part of the complex effective refractive index of doped layers. This means that the complex effective refractive index has a negative imaginary part, and that the impurity state with very high quality factor and great state density will occur in the photonic forbidden band if active impurity is introduced into the defect layer properly. Therefore, the spontaneous emission can be enhanced, the amplitude of stimulated emission will be very large and it occurs most probably close to the edges of photonic band gap with the fundamental reason, the group velocity close to the edges of band gap is very small or abnormal. OCIS codes: 130.3120, 120.7000, 160.4670, 120.4570, 160.5690, 230.4170. More and more importance has been attached to the unique behaviors of electromagnetic wave propagating in photonic crystals, a novel and artificial photonic mate-
The effect of atomic position on the spontaneous emission and optical spectra of a three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal was studied by considering the coherent two-band photonic-band-gap (PBG) reservoir. With the definite phase difference between the fields of the air band and dielectric band in this coherent PBG reservoir, we found that this coherent property grows stronger and results in the spectrum shift and the appearance of dark lines and kinks as the width of band gap gets smaller; and the variation of the atomic position leads to large shift of spectral peak. The averaged spectra of the system with an ensemble of atoms embedded in the dielectric region are blueshifted while those of atoms in the air region are redshifted. The spectra peaks can even shift more than 75% of the half width at half maximum. The feasible experimental systems composed of an ensemble of molecules (quantum dots or fluorescence dye) in photonic crystals are discussed.