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European Frequency and Time Forum

Towards compact transportable optical clock based on 171Yb+

Ilia V. Zalivako, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, Ilya A. Semerikov, Alexander S. Borisenko, N. Kolachevsky, I. Sherstov, Sergei N Bagaev, A.A. Lugovoy, А. В. Тайченачев, S. V. Chepurov

Published Apr 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a new project aimed for development of a transportable compact optical clock based on single171Yb+ion trapped in a ion Paul trap. The goal is to reach relative frequency instability level of 5E-16 at 24 hours averaging time.
DOI
10.1109/eftf.2018.8409065

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The paper describes the results achieved in the development of the compact transportable fully automated optical clock based on a single 171Yb+ ion in a radiofrequency (RF) quadrupole trap. The resulted measurements demonstrated the 4.9E-16 output RF signal relative instability on 1000 s integration time with 298.1 kg weight, 0.921 volume, and 2.766 kW input power consumption of the device. A transformation of the ultrastable optical signal into the RF range was performed via the optical frequency comb with a supercontinuum fiber laser generator. The transformation was conducted without loss of initial stability and accuracy characteristics of the signal.
SummaryThe optical clock based on trapped ions has attracted great interest due to the important significance in fundamental physics and application prospects in metrology of time and frequency. The ytterbium ion has unique advantages in developing transportable and miniaturized optical clocks because it has long storage time and its related laser system is compact. In addition, the171Yb+ion has two clock transition lines, which can perform frequency self-comparison. This paper mainly introduces the progress in the development of the transportable optical clock system based on the single171Yb+ion at Tsinghua University, China. A transportable physical package, including the vacuum system, optic system and imaging system is presented and implemented to automatically detect the presence of trapped ion.
For the past 15 years, tremendous progress within the fields of laser stabilization, optical frequency combs and atom cooling and trapping have allowed the realization of optical atomic clocks with unrivaled performances. These instruments can perform frequency comparisons with fractional uncertainties well below 10-17, finding applications in fundamental physics tests, relativistic geodesy and time and frequency metrology. Even though most optical clocks are currently laboratory setups, several proposals for using these clocks for field measurements or within an optical clock network have been published, and most of time and frequency metrology institutes have started to develop transportable optical clocks. For the purpose of this special issue, we chose to focus on trapped-ion optical clocks. Even though their short-term fractional frequency stability is impaired by a lower signal-to-noise ratio, they offer a high potential for compactness: trapped ions demand low optical powers and simple loading schemes, and can be trapped in small vacuum chambers. We review recent advances on the clock key components, including ion trap and ultra-stable optical cavity, as well as existing projects and experiments which draw the picture of what future transportable, single-ion optical clocks may resemble.
We report on a transportable and easy-to-operate optical clock utilizing the 2S1/2 - 2D3/2 transition of a single trapped 171Yb+ ion at 436 nm. Developed within a pilot project for quantum technology in Germany lead by industry, the clock is set up in two 19″ racks. In this way, transportation can easily be realized, and the large degree of automatization allows for operation outside highly specialized laboratories for applications beyond basic research. Comparisons to existing high-accuracy optical clock systems enable a verification of the clock's stability and uncertainty budget at the low 10−17 level. During these tests, operation with 99.8% availability over more than 14 days has been achieved.