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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Dynamic properties of superconductors: from BCS to BEC regime

Dmitry Mozyrsky, Andrey V. Chubukov

Published Mar 7, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract The Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) condensation and Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) are the two limiting ground states of paired Fermion systems, and the crossover between these two limits has been a source of excitement for both fields of high temperature superconductivity and cold atom superfluidity. For superconductors, ultra-low doping systems like graphene and Li x ZrNCl successfully approached the crossover starting from the BCS-side. These superconductors offer new opportunities to clarify the nature of charged-particles transport towards the BEC regime. Here we report the study of vortex dynamics within the crossover using their Hall effect as a probe in Li x ZrNCl. We observed a systematic enhancement of the Hall angle towards the BCS-BEC crossover, which was qualitatively reproduced by the phenomenological time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) theory. Li x ZrNCl exhibits a band structure free from various electronic instabilities, allowing us to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the vortex Hall effect and thereby propose a global picture of vortex dynamics within the crossover. These results demonstrate that gate-controlled superconductors are ideal platforms towards investigations of unexplored properties in BEC superconductors.
We use variational approach to analyze the evolution of the dynamics of a neutral s-wave superconductor between BCS and BEC regimes. We consider 2D case, when BCS-BEC crossover occurs already at weak coupling and is governed by the ratio of the two scales—the Fermi energy EF and the bound state energy for two fermions in a vacuum, E0. BCS and BEC regimes correspond to EF ≫ E0 and EF ≪ E0, respectively. We compute the spectrum of low-energy bosonic excitations and show that the velocity of phase fluctuations remains v F / 2 through BCS-BEC crossover. We also discuss the topological A ϕ ̇ term in the effective action.