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Quantum Information and Computation

High-capacity quantum secret sharing based on orbital angular momentum

Huawang Qin, Raylin Tso

Published Jun 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A high-capacity quantum secret sharing scheme based on orbital angular momentum is proposed. The dealer uses single particles in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis to bring the secret and encodes the secret through performing the transformation between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis and the angular position (ANG) basis. In the recovery, the participants perform the single-particle measurements to reconstruct the secret. The proposed scheme can use the multi-dimension of OAM to reach higher information capacity and enhanced security.

DOI
10.26421/qic18.7-8-3

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A high-capacity quantum secret sharing scheme based on orbital angular momentum is proposed. The dealer uses single particles in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis to bring the secret and encodes the secret through performing the transformation between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis and the angular position (ANG) basis. In the recovery, the participants perform the single-particle measurements to reconstruct the secret. The proposed scheme can use the multi-dimension of OAM to reach higher information capacity and enhanced security.
A quantum secret sharing scheme based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) is proposed. The dealer generates single particles in OAM basis or angular position (ANG) basis randomly. The participants encode their private keys into the particles through performing quantum Fourier transforms. Then the dealer can use the single‐particle measurements to get the shared secret. In the authors’ scheme, the secret is protected by the distinguishability of OAM basis and ANG basis. Compared to the traditional two‐dimensional schemes, the authors’ scheme can use the higher dimension of OAM to increase the detecting rate of eavesdropping, and enhance the security in practice. Besides, only the single particles are needed in their scheme. Compared to the schemes based on entangled particles, the authors’ scheme will be more practical with the present technology.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of photons span a high-dimensional Hilbert space, and by using it, higher information capacity and enhanced security can be achieved for both classical communication and quantum key distribution. In this work, we propose a feasible basis-independent encoding scheme for OAM states and show its application in high-dimensional quantum secure direct communication, which enables direct transmission of meaningful messages, in addition to random secret key establishing. Imperfections of optical components may reduce the efficiency of the encoding scheme and, thus, the channel capacity. We discuss the optimal input distribution under realistic conditions to achieve maximal mutual information and an alternative solution using a different set of mutually unbiased bases in the case of a prime-dimensional quantum system.
Secret sharing is the art of securely sharing information between more than two people in such a way that its reconstruction requires the collaboration of a certain number of parties. Entanglement-based secret sharing schemes which utilise multi-particle entanglement are limited by their scalability. Recently, a high-dimensional single photon secret sharing protocol was proposed which has impressive advantages in scalability. However, the experimental realisation of this protocol remains elusive. Here, by taking advantage of the high-dimensional Hilbert space for orbital angular momentum and using Perfect Vortex beams as their carriers, we present a proof-of-principle implementation of a high-dimensional single photon quantum secret sharing scheme. We experimentally implemented this scheme for 10 participants in d=11d=11d=11 dimensions and show how it can be easily scaled to higher dimensions and any number of participants.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic multiparty communication technique in which a secret is divided and shared among N parties and then securely reconstructed by (N-1) cooperating parties, making it perfect for storing and sharing highly sensitive data. Challenges in high dimensional state preparation, transformation and detection, the key steps of any QSS protocol, have so far hindered experimental realisation. Here, by taking advantage of the high-dimensional encoding space accessible by a photon's orbital angular momentum, we present a toolbox for realising practical high-dimensional single photon QSS schemes that are easily scalable in both dimension and number of participants. Our implementations realised a new record in both the number of participants (N=10) and the dimensionality (d=11), with the latter facilitating the transfer of 2.89 bits of information per photon. This work is an important step towards securely distributing information across a network of nodes.
We investigate a novel quantum secret sharing (QSS) based on the Chinese remainder theory (CRT) in multi-dimensional Hilbert space with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement analysis. The secret is divided and then allotted to two or more participants who prepare pairs of photons in the OAM-entanglement states. The initial secret can be restored jointly by legal participants via the OAM-entanglement analysis on the corresponding photons. Its security is guaranteed from the OAM entanglement of photons that are established through the spin angular momentum (SAM) entanglement analysis performed on the generated SAM-based OAM hybrid entanglement photons. It provides an alternative technique for the QSS while producing the OAM entanglement photons in the combined multi-dimensional OAM Hilbert space, where the CRT is conducted properly for sharing the conventional secret among legal participants.